The soil and climate factors described above affect not only the crop growth rate (CGR) linked to photosynthesis (quantity of solar radiation, area and structure of leaves), but also the respiratory processes of the plant cell, and metabolic pathways which generate a wide range of plant metabolites: amino acids, lipids and their compounds, isoprenoids (e.g. terpenes, including squalene, menthol and limonene, which give plants, flowers and fruits their characteristic scent and the biosynthetic precursors of sterols) and porphyrin (associated with chlorophyll and photosynthesis).
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