substituent group oor Indonesies
substituent group
Vertalings in die woordeboek Engels - Indonesies
Substituen
en
atom (group) that replaces one or more hydrogen atoms attached to a parent structure or characteristic group except for hydrogen atoms attached to a chalcogen atom
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Number the carbon atoms, locate and name substituent groups, locate the double bond, and name the main chain.
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Substituted compounds are chemical compounds where one or more hydrogen atoms of a core structure have been replaced with a functional group like alkyl, hydroxy, or halogen, or with larger substituent groups.
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When the substituent groups are oriented in the same direction, the diastereomer is referred to as cis, whereas, when the substituents are oriented in opposing directions, the diastereomer is referred to as trans.
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More complex alkenes may be named with the E–Z notation for molecules with three or four different substituents (side groups).
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Ignore the substituent R groups – under the assumption the difference between the R groups are negligible: For fully aromatic polyamides or 'aramids' e.g. Kevlar, the more reactive acyl chloride is used as a monomer.
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It is a halogenated organic compound consisting of propyne with a bromine substituent on the methyl group.
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Activating substituents or activating groups stabilize the cationic intermediate formed during the substitution by donating electrons into the ring system, by either inductive effect or resonance effects.
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The terms group electronegativity and substituent electronegativity are used synonymously.
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Relative inductive effects have been experimentally measured with reference to hydrogen, in decreasing order of -I effect or increasing order of +I effect, as follows: –NH3+ > –NO2 > –SO2R > –CN > –SO3H > –CHO > –CO > –COOH > –COCl> –CONH2 > –F > –Cl > –Br > –I > –OR > -OH > -NR2 > –NH2 > –C6H5 > –CH=CH2 > –H The strength of inductive effect is also dependent on the distance between the substituent group and the main group that react; the greater the distance, the weaker the effect.
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However, the actual reaction product is 1,3,5-triethylbenzene with all alkyl groups as a meta substituent.
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With the formula (CH3)2C6H4, each of the three compounds has a central benzene ring with two methyl groups attached at substituents.
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In organic chemistry, functional groups are specific substituents or moieties within molecules that are responsible for the characteristic chemical reactions of those molecules.
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Monomers can have various chemical substituents, or functional groups, which can affect the chemical properties of organic compounds, such as solubility and chemical reactivity, as well as the physical properties, such as hardness, density, mechanical or tensile strength, abrasion resistance, heat resistance, transparency, color, etc..
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Through steric hindrance, the substituents direct the direction of substitution of various groups.
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The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydrogen (H) gets attached to the carbon with more hydrogen substituents, and the halide (X) group gets attached to the carbon with more alkyl substituents.
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The hydroxyl substituents may vary considerably; acetyl, lactyl, methyl, sulfate, and phosphate groups have been found.
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The tetrahedral intermediate of an acyl compound contains a substituent attached to the central carbon that can act as a leaving group.
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The reaction product is diastereoselective with a preference for the syn-Mannich reaction 3:1 when the alkyl substituent on the aldehyde is a methyl group or 19:1 when the alkyl group the much larger pentyl group.
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In the Heck oxyarylation modification the palladium substituent in the syn-addition intermediate is displaced by a hydroxyl group and the reaction product contains a dihydrofuran ring.
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Earlier studies revealed that aldehydes bearing alpha-alkyloxy or alpha-silyloxy substituents were suitable for this reaction, while aldehydes bearing Electron-withdrawing groups such as acetoxy were unreactive.
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What follows is a 1,2-rearrangement when an alkyl substituent on the anionic boron migrates to the adjacent electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group.
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In an example of the SN2 reaction, the attack of Br− (the nucleophile) on an ethyl chloride (the electrophile) results in ethyl bromide, with chloride ejected as the leaving group.: SN2 attack occurs if the backside route of attack is not sterically hindered by substituents on the substrate.
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22 sinne gevind in 5 ms. Hulle kom uit baie bronne en word nie nagegaan nie.