The Periodic Table of the Elements oor Kornies

The Periodic Table of the Elements

Vertalings in die woordeboek Engels - Kornies

An Tabel Periodek

An Vosen Beriodek

Mosen Beriodek an Elvednow

Mosen Beriodek an Elvennow · Tabel Periodek an Elvednow · Tabel Periodek an Elvennow

voorbeelde

The Periodic Table of the Elements
/ An Tabel Periodek / / /

The Periodic Table of the Elements
/ Mosen Beriodek an Elvennow / / /

The Periodic Table of the Elements
/ An Vosen Beriodek / / /

The Periodic Table of the Elements
/ Mosen Beriodek an Elvednow / / /

The Periodic Table of the Elements
/ Tabel Periodek an Elvednow / / /

The Periodic Table of the Elements
/ Tabel Periodek an Elvennow / / /

Seaborgium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Sg and atomic number 106. It is named after the American nuclear chemist Glenn T. Seaborg. As a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature. It is also radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 269Sg, has a half-life of approximately 14 minutes.[7] In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and belongs to the group 6 elements as the fourth member of the 6d series of transition metals. Chemistry experiments have confirmed that seaborgium behaves as the heavier homologue to tungsten in group 6. The chemical properties of seaborgium are characterized only partly, but they compare well with the chemistry of the other group 6 elements.
Elven gymyk synthetek yw seaborgiom, niver 106 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw Sg. An hanow a enor Glenn T Seaborg (1912-1999), kymygydh nuklerek amerikanek, neb a dhiskudhas deg elven treus-uranik, ha kavos an Pewas Nobel rag Kymygieth yn 1951. Elven pur radyoweythresek yw, gans pymthek isotop, 14 mynysen yw an hanter-bewnans hirra, gans seaborgiom-269. Diskudhys veu yn 1974 gans dew vagas a wodhonyhdyon, bagas sovietek yn Dubna, Russi ha bagas amerikanek yn Pennskol Kaliforni, Berkeley.

Rutherfordium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Rf and atomic number 104, named after New Zealand-born British physicist Ernest Rutherford. As a synthetic element, it is not found in nature and can only be created in a laboratory. It is radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267Rf, has a half-life of approximately 1.3 hours. In the periodic table of the elements, it is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements. It is a member of the 7th period and belongs to the group 4 elements. Chemistry experiments have confirmed that rutherfordium behaves as the heavier homologue to hafnium in group 4. The chemical properties of rutherfordium are characterized only partly. They compare well with the chemistry of the other group 4 elements, even though some calculations had indicated that the element might show significantly different properties due to relativistic effects.
Elven gymyk synthetek yw rutherfordiom, niver 104 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Rf. An hanow a enor an fysegydh a Vordir Nowydh, Ernest Rutherford (1871-1937), tas fysegieth modern, neb a dhiskudhas tybyans hanter-bewnans radyoweythresek ha'n elven radon, ha henwel dewynnyans α ha β. Ev a gavas an Pewas Nobel rag fysegieth yn 1908. Gwrys veu rutherfordiom rag an kynsa prys yn 1964 yn Fondyans Hwithrans Nuklerek yn Dubna, Russi. I a brofyas an hanow kurchatoviom, owth enora Igor Kurchatov (1903-1960), penn hwithrans nuklerek Russi. Godhonydhyon a'n Statys Unys a naghas dhe'n hanow ma, ow leverel i bos diskudhoryon an elven yn 1969, yn Pennskol Kaliforni, Berkeley. I a brofyas an hanow rutherfordiom. An Kesunyans Keswlasek rag Kymygieth Pur ha Gweythresek (IUPAC) a erviras dhe rutherfordiom yn 1997. Pur radyoweythresek yw pub isotop, hanter-bewnans rutherfordiom-267 yw an hirra, a-dro dhe 80 mynysen.

Oganesson is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Og and atomic number 118. It was first synthesized in 2002 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research (JINR) in Dubna, near Moscow, Russia, by a joint team of Russian and American scientists. In December 2015, it was recognized as one of four new elements by the Joint Working Party of the international scientific bodies IUPAC and IUPAP. It was formally named on 28 November 2016.[16][17] The name honors the nuclear physicist Yuri Oganessian, who played a leading role in the discovery of the heaviest elements in the periodic table. It is one of only two elements named after a person who was alive at the time of naming, the other being seaborgium, and the only element whose eponym is alive today.[18]
Elven gymyk synthetek yw oganesson, niver 118 yn Vosen Beriodek hag onan a'n elvennow treus-fermiom. Y furvell gymyk yw Og. Gwrys veu rag an kynsa prys yn 2002 yn Arbrovji Dubna, Russi. An hanow a enor Yuri Oganessian hag a weresas diskudha nebes elvennow treus-fermiom. Pur ansad yw an elven. Diskudhys veu unn isotop bys lemmyn, oganesson-294, gans hanter-bewnans a 0.69 milieylen.

Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev (sometimes transliterated as Mendeleyev or Mendeleef) (English: /ˌmɛndəlˈeɪəf/ MEN-dəl-AY-əf;[2] Russian: Дмитрий Иванович Менделеев,[note 1] tr. Dmitriy Ivanovich Mendeleyev, IPA: [ˈdmjitrjɪj ɪˈvanəvjɪtɕ mjɪnjdjɪˈljejɪf] (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ru-Dmitri_Mendeleev.ogglisten); 8 February 1834 – 2 February 1907 [OS 27 January 1834 – 20 January 1907]) was a Russian chemist and inventor. He is best known for formulating the Periodic Law and creating a farsighted version of the periodic table of elements. He used the Periodic Law not only to correct the then-accepted properties of some known elements, such as the valence and atomic weight of uranium, but also to predict the properties of three elements that were yet to be discovered.
Dmitri Ivanovich Mendeleev https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restren:Ru-Dmitri_Mendeleev.oggLeveryans (8 Hwevrer 1834 – 2 Hwevrer 1907) o kymygydh ha deviser russek a wrug an vosen beriodek a elvennow gymyk ha'n Lagha Periodek. Genys veu Mendeleev yn treveglos Verkhnie Aremzyani, yn ogas dhe Tobolsk, Russi. Yn 1863, yth esa 56 elven gymyk aswonys hag elven nowydh a veu diskudhys ogas ha pub bledhen. Wosa dos ha bos dyskador yn 1867, Mendeleev a skrifas lyver Pennrewlys Kymygieth, a dheuth ha bos an posekka dysklyver a'y oos. Ev a assayas klasshe an elvennow kymyk herwydh aga theythi kymyk ha merkya patronow a'n ledyas dhe ragtybi y vosen beriodek. Ev a usyas an Lagha Periodek dhe ewnhe teythi kamm a elvennow aswonys, kepar ha'n talvos ha poos atomek a uraniom, mes ynwedh dhe dhargana an teythi a dri elvennow ankoth y'n eur na. Lies dargan gwrys ganso o prevys ewn gans arbrov wosa henna. Mendeleev a wrug kevrohow posek erel dhe gymygieth. Elven 101 o henwys Mendeleviom herwydh y hanow. Ynwedh, kowdoll bras war denewen bell an Loor yw henwys Mendeleev ragdho.

Nihonium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Nh and atomic number 113. It is extremely radioactive; its most stable known isotope, nihonium-286, has a half-life of about 10 seconds. In the periodic table, nihonium is a transactinide element in the p-block. It is a member of period 7 and group 13 (boron group).
Elven gymyk synthetek yw nihoniom, niver 113 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Nh. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an wlas Nihon, le may feu gwrys rag an kynsa prys yn 2004. Pur radyoweythresek yw. Hanter-bewnans an isotop dhe vewa hirra yw nihoniom-286 yw deg eylen. Diskudhys veu yn fondyans hwithrans Riken.

Mendelevium is a synthetic element with the symbol Md (formerly Mv) and atomic number 101. A metallic radioactive transuranium element in the actinide series, it is the first element by atomic number that currently cannot be produced in macroscopic quantities through neutron bombardment of lighter elements. It is the third-to-last actinide and the ninth transuranic element. It can only be produced in particle accelerators by bombarding lighter elements with charged particles. A total of seventeen mendelevium isotopes are known, the most stable being 258Md with a half-life of 51 days; nevertheless, the shorter-lived 256Md (half-life 1.17 hours) is most commonly used in chemistry because it can be produced on a larger scale. Mendelevium was discovered by bombarding einsteinium with alpha particles in 1955, the same method still used to produce it today. It was named after Dmitri Mendeleev, father of the periodic table of the chemical elements. Using available microgram quantities of the isotope einsteinium-253, over a million mendelevium atoms may be produced each hour. The chemistry of mendelevium is typical for the late actinides, with a preponderance of the +3 oxidation state but also an accessible +2 oxidation state. All known isotopes of mendelevium have relatively short half-lives; there are currently no uses for it outside basic scientific research, and only small amounts are produced
Elven gymyk synthetek yw mendeleviom, niver 101 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Md. An hanow a enor Dmitri Mendeleev,neb a askorras onan a'n mosennow periodek kynsa. Ny yllir y askorra marnas yn uskisellow perthyglow dre danbellenna elvennow skaffa gans perthyglow kargys. Yma seytek isotop. Yma dhe vendeleviom-258 an hanter-bewnans hirra - 51 jydh. Gwrys veu mendeleviom rag an kynsa prys yn 1955 gans bagas a fysegydhyon ow komprehendya Albert Ghiorso ha Glenn Seaborg. I a wrug devnydh a'n jynn cyclotron 60 meusva yn Pennskol Kaliforni, Berkeley. Nyns eus devnydh vytholl dhe'n elven ma yn-mes arbrovjiow hwithrans.

Tennessine is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Ts and atomic number 117. It is the second-heaviest known element and the penultimate element of the 7th period of the periodic table. The discovery of tennessine was officially announced in Dubna, Russia, by a Russian–American collaboration in April 2010, which makes it the most recently discovered element as of 2022. One of its daughter isotopes was created directly in 2011, partially confirming the results of the experiment. The experiment itself was repeated successfully by the same collaboration in 2012 and by a joint German–American team in May 2014. In December 2015, the Joint Working Party of the International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry (IUPAC) and the International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP), which evaluates claims of discovery of new elements, recognized the element and assigned the priority to the Russian–American team. In June 2016, the IUPAC published a declaration stating that the discoverers had suggested the name tennessine after Tennessee, United States, a name which was officially adopted in November 2016.[a]
Elven gymyk synthetek yw tenessin, niver 117 yn Vosen Beriodek hag onan a'n elvennow treus-fermiom. Y furvell gymyk yw Ts. Diskudhys veu tenessin yn mis Ebrel 2010 yn Dubna, Russi gans bagas a wodhonydhyon dhyworth Russi ha'n Statys Unys (dhyworth Kaliforni ha Tennessi). Ytho tenessin yw an elven diskudhys moyha a-dhiwedhes, ha'n elven nessa possa wosa oganesson. Yma dew isotop dhe denessin, an unn gans an hanter-bewnans hirra yw tenessin-294, 51 milieylen. An hanow a dheu dhyworth stat y'n Statys Unys, Tennessi. Gwrys veu an atomow tenessin dre danbellenna kosten a verkeliom gans kalciom. An berkeliom a dheuth dhyworth Arbrovji Kenedhlek Oak Ridge, yn Tennessee.

Bohrium is a synthetic chemical element with the symbol Bh and atomic number 107. It is named after Danish physicist Niels Bohr. As a synthetic element, it can be created in a laboratory but is not found in nature. All known isotopes of bohrium are highly radioactive; the most stable known isotope is 270Bh with a half-life of approximately 61 seconds, though the unconfirmed 278Bh may have a longer half-life of about 690 seconds. In the periodic table, it is a d-block transactinide element. It is a member of the 7th period and belongs to the group 7 elements as the fifth member of the 6d series of transition metals. Chemistry experiments have confirmed that bohrium behaves as the heavier homologue to rhenium in group 7. The chemical properties of bohrium are characterized only partly, but they compare well with the chemistry of the other group 7 elements.
Elven gymyk yw bohriom, niver 107 y'n Vosen Beriodek hag onan a'n elvennow treus-fermiom. Henwys yw rag Niels Bohr, fysegydh atomek danek ha gwaynyer an Pewas Nobel rag fysegieth yn 1922. Ev a gesunyas tybieth atomek ha tybieth kwantum. Y furvell gymyk yw Bh. Elven synthesek yw, h.y. nyns yw kevys yn naturel. Pur radyoweythresek yw. Yma tridhek isotop dhe'n elven ma. An isotop a vyw hirra yw bohriom-270, gans hanter bewnans a 61 eylen. Askorrys veu bohriom rag an tro kynsa yn 1983 yn Dubna, Russi gans Yuri Oganessian. Gwrys veu hwegh atom a'n elven yn 2000 dhe wruthyl bohriom oksiklorid. Y tiskwedh an hwithrans ma bos bohriom hevelep dhe reniom.

Astatine is a chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. A sample of the pure element has never been assembled, because any macroscopic specimen would be immediately vaporized by the heat of its own radioactivity. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with certainty. Many of them have been estimated based on the element's position on the periodic table as a heavier analog of iodine, and a member of the halogens (the group of elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine). However, astatine also falls roughly along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals, and some metallic behavior has also been observed and predicted for it. Astatine is likely to have a dark or lustrous appearance and may be a semiconductor or possibly a metal. Chemically, several anionic species of astatine are known and most of its compounds resemble those of iodine, but it also sometimes displays metallic characteristics and shows some similarities to silver.
Elven gymyk yw astatin, niver 85 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw At. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka astatos, ow styrya diantel. Astatin yw an elven naturel moyha tanow war an Norvys. Pur beryllus yw drefen y radyoweythres glew. Askorrys o astatin rag an kynsa tro yn 1940 yn Pennskol Kaliforni gans tri godhonydh: Dale Corson, K Mackenzie hag Emilio Segre (fysegydh italek neb a fias dhe'n fo dhyworth rewlyans Mussolini). Drefen breynans radyoweythresek, yma le ha 30g yn krestennen an nor. Ny yll godhonydhyon askorra myns meur lowr rag y weles. An radyowethres glew a wrussa y ethenna a-dhistowgh. Desevys yw dhe vos hevelep dhe iodin war rann y liw (tewl/du) ha komposyans (divetelek). Estemys yw bos y boynt treudhi ha poynt bryjyon ogas dhe 302°C ha 337°C. Hanter bewnans an isotop hag a vyw hirra yw 8 our.

Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.[5] The earliest known description of the metal in the West was written in 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio. China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron. The largest applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices. Antimony is a member of group 15 of the periodic table, one of the elements called pnictogens, and has an electronegativity of 2.05. In accordance with periodic trends, it is more electronegative than tin or bismuth, and less electronegative than tellurium or arsenic. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but reacts with oxygen if heated to produce antimony trioxide, Sb2O3. Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metalloid with a Mohs scale hardness of 3, which is too soft to make hard objects. Coins of antimony were issued in China's Guizhou province in 1931; durability was poor, and minting was soon discontinued. Antimony is resistant to attack by acids.
Elven gymyk yw antimoni, niver 51 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Henwys veu dhyworth an ger Greka anti-monos, ow styrya 'ny war y honan'. Y furvell gymyk yw Sb, dhyworth an hanow Latinek stibium. Usys veu an hanow antimoni rag an tro kynsa gans Constantine a Afrika (merwys yn 1078 O.K.). Peryllus yw antimoni dhe'n korf denel. Yn despit dhe hemma, usys o antimoni yn dognow byghan rag niver a glevesow dres an 17ves ha 18ves kansvledhen. Usys o pellenigow alkan antimoni dhe lowsya kolodhyon. Res via dhe'n devnydhyer daskavos an bellenig dhyworth an kawgh dhe usya arta. Yma dogen meur ow kawsya damach dhe'n avi, ha hwyja pals. Martesen Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart a ferwis drefen posna gans antimoni. Ev a usya antimoni tartrat yn fenowgh, hag war an 20ves mis Du, 1791, ev a gavas terthen, diwla kwoffys ha hwyja, arwodhyow oll a bosna gans antimoni. Usys veu gans niver a vedhogyon hag erel dhe ladha gwragedh ha neskerens, kepar ha'n ostes gowethas Florence Bravo neb martesen a ladhas hy gour Charles Delaunay Bravo yn 1876, ha'n vedhogyon Dr Palmer (1855), Dr Smethurst (1859) ha Dr Pritchard (1865). Jezebel y'n Bibel a usya sort a liw blew lagas ow synsi antimoni henwys khol. Martesen tan grek, lin helosk usys gans an morlu Besontin, a synsi antimoni sulfid. Lemmyn usys yw antimoni sulfid yn paynt kudhliwans. Askorrys yw a-dro dhe 50,000 tonnas a antimoni pub bledhen, dre vras yn China, Russi ha Bolivi. Usys dhe wul batriow yw ha dhe wul plastogow gorthflamm. Elven govetelek yw antimoni. Y kevir avel dew form, onan metelek golow, arghansek, kales ha brottel, ha'n eyl avel polter loos. Y boynt teudhi yw 631°C ha'y boynt bryjyon 1635°C. Y dhosedh yw 6.67kg an liter.

The periodic table, also known as the periodic table of the (chemical) elements, is a tabular display of the chemical elements. It is widely used in chemistry, physics, and other sciences, and is generally seen as an icon of chemistry. It is a graphic formulation of the periodic law, which states that the properties of the chemical elements exhibit a periodic dependence on their atomic numbers. The table is divided into four roughly rectangular areas called blocks. The rows of the table are called periods, and the columns are called groups. Elements from the same column group of the periodic table show similar chemical characteristics. Trends run through the periodic table, with nonmetallic character (keeping their own electrons) increasing from left to right across a period, and from down to up across a group, and metallic character (surrendering electrons to other atoms) increasing in the opposite direction. The underlying reason for these trends is electron configurations of atoms. The first periodic table to become generally accepted was that of the Russian chemist Dmitri Mendeleev in 1869: he formulated the periodic law as a dependence of chemical properties on atomic mass. Because not all elements were then known, there were gaps in his periodic table, and Mendeleev successfully used the periodic law to predict properties of some of the missing elements. The periodic law was recognized as a fundamental discovery in the late 19th century, and it was explained with the discovery of the atomic number and pioneering work in quantum mechanics of the early 20th century that illuminated the internal structure of the atom. With Glenn T. Seaborg's 1945 discovery that the actinides were in fact f-block rather than d-block elements, a recognisably modern form of the table was reached. The periodic table and law are now a central and indispensable part of modern chemistry. The periodic table continues to evolve with the progress of science. In nature, only elements up to atomic number 94 exist; to go further, it was necessary to synthesise new elements in the laboratory. Today, all the first 118 elements are known, completing the first seven rows of the table, but chemical characterisation is still needed for the heaviest elements to confirm that their properties match their positions. It is not yet known how far the table will stretch beyond these seven rows and whether the patterns of the known part of the table will continue into this unknown region. Some scientific discussion also continues regarding whether some elements are correctly positioned in today's table. Many alternative representations of the periodic law exist, and there is some discussion as to whether or not there is an optimal form of the periodic table.
An Vosen Beriodek yw rol a elvennow kymyk. Y’n Vosen, settyes yw an elvennow yn aray aga niver atomek ow talleth gans niver onan, hidrojen. Niver atomek elven yw an keth tra ages an niver a brotonow yn nuklesen po sprusen an atom na. Y’n Vosen Beriodek renkys yw an elvennow yn periodow ha bagasow. Gelwys yw rew elvennow a-dreus dhe’n vosen period. Yma dhe bub period niver, a 1 dhe 8. Yma dhe Beriod 1 diw elven yn unnik: hidrojen ha heliom. Yma dhe Beriod 2 ha Period 3 eth elven. Hirra yw periodow erel. Yma dhe’n elvennow yn period niverow atomek yn eyl wosa y gila. Versyon savonek an Vosen Beriodek Gelwys yw koloven elvennow yn-nans mosen bagas. Yma 18 bagas y’n vosen beriodek savonek. Yma dhe bub bagas niver: a 1 dhe 18. Elvennow yn bagas a renk aga elektronow yn fordhow hevelep, herwydh an niver a elektronow talvos, hag a re taklow kymyk hevelep dhedha, h.y. i a omdheg yn fordhow hevelep. Rag ensampel, aswonnys yw bagas 18 avel gassys nobyl drefen aga bos gassys oll ha ny wrons kesunya gans atomow erel. Usys yw an vosen beriodek gans kymygydhyon dhe weles patronyow ha perthynyansow ynter elvennow. Yma tri chyf bagas y’n Vosen Beriodek; alkenyow, alkanoydow, ha dialkenyow. Rag ensampel, elvennow a-bell war askel gledh ha war woles an vosen yw an moyha metelyek, hag elvennow war an dheghow a-wartha yw an lyha metelyek. Yma lies patron ha perthynyans aral ynwedh. Devisys veu an vosen beriodek gans an kymygydh a Russi Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev (1834-1907). Dh’y enora, henwys veu elven 101 mendeleviom.

Francium is a chemical element with the symbol Fr and atomic number 87. It is extremely radioactive; its most stable isotope, francium-223 (originally called actinium K after the natural decay chain it appears in), has a half-life of only 22 minutes. It is the second-most electropositive element, behind only caesium, and is the second rarest naturally occurring element (after astatine). The isotopes of francium decay quickly into astatine, radium, and radon. The electronic structure of a francium atom is [Rn] 7s1, and so the element is classed as an alkali metal. Bulk francium has never been seen. Because of the general appearance of the other elements in its periodic table column, it is presumed that francium would appear as a highly reactive metal, if enough could be collected together to be viewed as a bulk solid or liquid. Obtaining such a sample is highly improbable, since the extreme heat of decay resulting from its short half-life would immediately vaporize any viewable quantity of the element.
Elven gymyk yw frankiom, niver 87 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw Fr. An hanow a dheu dhyworth Pow Frynk. Hemm yw an eyl elven henwys dhyworth an wlas keffrys ha galliom. Ny gyllir kavos yw franciom y'n kerghynnedh dhe ves a arbrovjiow hwithrans marnas dognow byghan yn monow uraniom kepar ha pitchblende. Diskudhys veu yn 1939 gans Marguerite Perey y'n Fondyans Curie yn Paris. Peryllus yw awos y radyoweythresans glew. Kales yw dhe hwithra awos y hanter bewnans berr (22 mynysen).

Lanthanum is a chemical element with the symbol La and atomic number 57. It is a soft, ductile, silvery-white metal that tarnishes slowly when exposed to air. It is the eponym of the lanthanide series, a group of 15 similar elements between lanthanum and lutetium in the periodic table, of which lanthanum is the first and the prototype. Lanthanum is traditionally counted among the rare earth elements. Like most other rare earth elements, the usual oxidation state is +3. Lanthanum has no biological role in humans but is essential to some bacteria. It is not particularly toxic to humans but does show some antimicrobial activity. Lanthanum usually occurs together with cerium and the other rare earth elements. Lanthanum was first found by the Swedish chemist Carl Gustaf Mosander in 1839 as an impurity in cerium nitrate – hence the name lanthanum, from the Ancient Greek λανθάνειν (lanthanein), meaning 'to lie hidden'. Although it is classified as a rare earth element, lanthanum is the 28th most abundant element in the Earth's crust, almost three times as abundant as lead. In minerals such as monazite and bastnäsite, lanthanum composes about a quarter of the lanthanide content.[6] It is extracted from those minerals by a process of such complexity that pure lanthanum metal was not isolated until 1923. Lanthanum compounds have numerous applications as catalysts, additives in glass, carbon arc lamps for studio lights and projectors, ignition elements in lighters and torches, electron cathodes, scintillators, gas tungsten arc welding electrodes, and other things. Lanthanum carbonate is used as a phosphate binder in cases of high levels of phosphate in the blood seen with kidney failure.
Elven gymyk yw lanthanom, niver 57 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw La. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka lanthanein, ow styrya growedha yn kel. Onan a'n elvennow gelwys dor-tanow yw mes kamm yw an hanow ma awos nyns yw re anedha tanow vytholl. Lanthanid via term gwell, hanow a dheu dhyworth an elven ma. Nyns eus rann dhe lanthanom y'n korf denel, mes usys yw lanthanom avel medhegneth dhe weres pobel gans kudynnow loneth. Diskudhys veu lanthanom yn mis Genver 1839 gans Carl Gustav Mosander (1797-1858) y'n Fondyans Karolinska, Stockholm. Ev a hwithras ceriom nitrat hag ev a gavas gwrysow elven 'nowydh' dhyworto. Y goweth Baron Jöns Jacob Berzelius a grampollas an hanow lanthanom. An moon monazit a gomprehend a-dro dhe 25% lanthanom. Askorrys yw 12,500 tonnas an vledhen, dre vras y'n Statys Unys, China ha Russi. Usys yw avel kesalkenyow, rag ensampel lanthanom ha nikel - LaNi5 yw pur dha rag sugna an gass hidrojen (da vydh hemma y'n termyn a dheu mars usys yw hidrojen avel keunys). Usys yw meur a lanthanom dhe wul batriow nikel-alkan hydrid La(Ni3.6Mn0.4Al0.3Co0.7). Usys yw avel katalydhyon, avel kathodow pooth yn pibennow gwakter elektronek, hag yn livwolowys. Poos atomek lanthanom yw 138.91, y boynt teudhi yw 921°C ha'y boynt bryjyon 3460°C. Y dhosedh yw 6.1kg an liter. Alkan arghansek yw, medhel lowr dhe dreghi gan kollell.

Platinum is a chemical element with the symbol Pt and atomic number 78. It is a dense, malleable, ductile, highly unreactive, precious, silverish-white transition metal. Its name originates from Spanish platina, a diminutive of plata "silver".[3][4] Platinum is a member of the platinum group of elements and group 10 of the periodic table of elements. It has six naturally occurring isotopes. It is one of the rarer elements in Earth's crust, with an average abundance of approximately 5 μg/kg. It occurs in some nickel and copper ores along with some native deposits, mostly in South Africa, which accounts for 80% of the world production. Because of its scarcity in Earth's crust, only a few hundred tonnes are produced annually, and given its important uses, it is highly valuable and is a major precious metal commodity.[5] Platinum is one of the least reactive metals. It has remarkable resistance to corrosion, even at high temperatures, and is therefore considered a noble metal. Consequently, platinum is often found chemically uncombined as native platinum. Because it occurs naturally in the alluvial sands of various rivers, it was first used by pre-Columbian South American natives to produce artifacts. It was referenced in European writings as early as 16th century, but it was not until Antonio de Ulloa published a report on a new metal of Colombian origin in 1748 that it began to be investigated by scientists. Platinum is used in catalytic converters, laboratory equipment, electrical contacts and electrodes, platinum resistance thermometers, dentistry equipment, and jewelry. Platinum is used in the glass industry[6] to manipulate molten glass which does not "wet" platinum. As a heavy metal, it leads to health problems upon exposure to its salts; but due to its corrosion resistance, metallic platinum has not been linked to adverse health effects.[7] Compounds containing platinum, such as cisplatin, oxaliplatin and carboplatin, are applied in chemotherapy against certain types of cancer.[8]
Elven gymyk yw platinom, niver 78 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Pt. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Spaynek platina, ow styrya arghans byghan. Nyns eus dhe blatinom rann bewoniethel. Nyns yw gwenonek, mes kesstoffow platinom a wra kawsya dasoberans allergek, platinosis y hanow. Usys yw an medhegneth 'Platinol' avel kymodyghtyans (Sowsnek: chemotherapy). Aswonnys o platinom dhe bobel teythyek Amerika Dheghow yn Kolombi ha Pow Ekwadorel, nans yw 2,000 bledhen. Yn 1557 Julius Scaliger, skoler italek, a skrifas a-dro dhe alkan dhyworth Amerika Dheghow na yllir y deudhi. Antonio Ulloa (1717-1795) a dhiskrifas platinom yn manylys. Kemerys veu ev orth dhehweles avel keth gans an Morlu Riel. Ev a dherivas a-dro dhe blatinom dhe'n Kowethas Riel yn Loundres. Temmigow alkan platinom a eksist yn naturel, mes tri kwarter platinom an nor a dheu dhyworth Afrika Dheghow ha Russi avel monow kepar ha'n moon cooperit (platinom sulfid, PtS). Askorrys yw 155 tonnas an vledhen. Usys yw 50% anedha ran gemmweyth, 30% dhe wul konvertydhyon katalytek hag 20% dhe dhiwysyans, hag a wra devnydhya platinom yn plasennow kales. Poos atomek platinom yw 195.08, y boynt teudhi yw 1772°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 3,825°C. Y dhosedh yw 21.5kg an liter. Alkan lenter gwynn-arghansek yw platinom, es y dhyghtya ha mortholya.

Technetium is a chemical element with the symbol Tc and atomic number 43. It is the lightest element whose isotopes are all radioactive. Nearly all available technetium is produced as a synthetic element. Naturally occurring technetium is a spontaneous fission product in uranium ore and thorium ore, the most common source, or the product of neutron capture in molybdenum ores. This silvery gray, crystalline transition metal lies between manganese and rhenium in group 7 of the periodic table, and its chemical properties are intermediate between those of both adjacent elements. The most common naturally occurring isotope is 99Tc, in traces only. Many of technetium's properties had been predicted by Dmitri Mendeleev before it was discovered. Mendeleev noted a gap in his periodic table and gave the undiscovered element the provisional name ekamanganese (Em). In 1937, technetium (specifically the technetium-97 isotope) became the first predominantly artificial element to be produced, hence its name (from the Greek τεχνητός, meaning "craft", "art", or "artificial", + -ium). One short-lived gamma ray-emitting nuclear isomer, technetium-99m, is used in nuclear medicine for a wide variety of tests, such as bone cancer diagnoses. The ground state of the nuclide technetium-99 is used as a gamma-ray-free source of beta particles. Long-lived technetium isotopes produced commercially are byproducts of the fission of uranium-235 in nuclear reactors and are extracted from nuclear fuel rods. Because even the longest-lived isotope of technetium has a relatively short half-life (4.21 million years), the 1952 detection of technetium in red giants helped to prove that stars can produce heavier elements.
Elven gymyk yw teknetiom, niver 43 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Tc. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka tekhnetos, ow styrya kreftus. Yn 1952 gwelys veu linyow teknetiom yn spektrum an golow hag a wrug splanna dhyworth kowr-steren rudh. Drefen bos hanter-bewnans teknetiom 4 milvil bledhen dhe'n moyha, res o dhe'n golow ma furvya y'n steren hy honan. Prov veu hemma bos ster an tyller le mayth yw gwrys elvennow kymyk a bub sort. Usys yw teknetiom yn dyghtyans medhegel, gans gweres diskudha kellow kanker. Diskudhys veu teknetiom yn 1937 gans Emilio Segre ha Carlo Perrier yn Pennsol Palermo yn Itali. Ny gevys yw yn-mes arbrovjiow hwithrans nuklerek. Askorrys yw lies tonnas dhyworth pibellow keunys nuklerek usys, mes nyns eus devnydh anodho vytholl marnas yn mynsow munys yn unnik. Poos atomek teknetiom yw 98. Y boynt teudhi yw 2172°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 4877°C. Y dhosedh yw 11.5kg an liter. Radyoweythresek yw pub isotop. Alkan arghansek yw, mes kevys yw avel polter loos ynwedh.

Berkelium is a transuranic radioactive chemical element with the symbol Bk and atomic number 97. It is a member of the actinide and transuranium element series. It is named after the city of Berkeley, California, the location of the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (then the University of California Radiation Laboratory) where it was discovered in December 1949. Berkelium was the fifth transuranium element discovered after neptunium, plutonium, curium and americium. The major isotope of berkelium, 249Bk, is synthesized in minute quantities in dedicated high-flux nuclear reactors, mainly at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory in Tennessee, United States, and at the Research Institute of Atomic Reactors in Dimitrovgrad, Russia. The production of the second-most important isotope, 247Bk, involves the irradiation of the rare isotope 244Cm with high-energy alpha particles. Just over one gram of berkelium has been produced in the United States since 1967. There is no practical application of berkelium outside scientific research which is mostly directed at the synthesis of heavier transuranium elements and superheavy elements. A 22-milligram batch of berkelium-249 was prepared during a 250-day irradiation period and then purified for a further 90 days at Oak Ridge in 2009. This sample was used to synthesize the new element tennessine for the first time in 2009 at the Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia, after it was bombarded with calcium-48 ions for 150 days. This was the culmination of the Russia–US collaboration on the synthesis of the heaviest elements on the periodic table. Berkelium is a soft, silvery-white, radioactive metal. The berkelium-249 isotope emits low-energy electrons and thus is relatively safe to handle. It decays with a half-life of 330 days to californium-249, which is a strong emitter of ionizing alpha particles. This gradual transformation is an important consideration when studying the properties of elemental berkelium and its chemical compounds, since the formation of californium brings not only chemical contamination, but also free-radical effects and self-heating from the emitted alpha particles.
Elven gymyk yw berkeliom, niver 97 y'n Vosen Beriodek. An hanow a dheu dhyworth tre Berkeley yn Kaliforni, an Statys Unys, le may feu gwrys rag an kynsa prys. Y furvell gymyk yw Bk. Ny gevys yw berkeliom war an Norvys marnas yn arbrovjiow hwithrans nuklerek. Pur beryllus yw drefen y radyoweythresek glew. Askorrys veu rag an kynsa tro war an 19ves mis Kevardhu, 1949, yn Pennskol Kaliforni yn Berkeley gans Stanley Thompson, Albert Ghiorso ha Glenn Seaborg. Nyns eus devnydh vyth oll dhodho. Hanter bewnans an isotop moyha kemmyn yw 320 dydh. Y boos atomek yw 247.1 ha'y boynt teudhi yw 1047°C. Ny wodhvedhys pana yw y boynt bryjyon. Alkan arghansek radyoweythresek yw. Wosa y dhiskudhyans (hag elvennow erel y'n unn bagas), an lyver termyn The New Yorker a brofyas y talvia dhe Bennskol Kaliforni henwel an elvennow nowydh 'universitium', 'ofium', 'californium' ha 'berkelium'. An gorthyp gans Seaborg o aga bos prederi a-dro dhe hemma, mes ny vynsons ri an chons dhe Evrok Nowydh henwel an dhew elven nessa 'newium' ha 'yorkium'. The New Yorker a worthyp bos an henwyn dhedha, ha aga bos owth oberi war an elvennow nowydh.