from Wales oor Kornies

from Wales

Vertalings in die woordeboek Engels - Kornies

a Gembra

voorbeelde

from Wales
/ a Gembra / / /

It is my pleasure as Bardh Meur to welcome you all, guests, delegates from Wales and Brittany and all the people around the circle, to our Gorsedh here today.
Yth yw ow flesour avel Bardh Meur dh’agas dynerghi oll, ostysi, kanasow dhyworth Kembra ha Breten Vyghan ha pub huni a-dro dhe’n kylgh, dh’agan Gorsedh omma hedhyw.

Josephine d'Arby (born 3 October 1972) is a Welsh television presenter and painter from Newport, Wales.
Josephine d'Arby (genys 3a Hedra 1972) yw presentyades a Kastell Nowydh, Kembra.

8162 Yn 1707 y tyllas ev an kynsa lyver a Archaeologia Britannica: an Account of the Languages, Histories and Customs of Great Britain, from Travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland. 43.4975
8162 Yn 1707 y tyllas ev an kynsa lyver a Archaeologia Britannica: an Account of the Languages, Histories and Customs of Great Britain, from Travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland. 43.4975

Anhrefn (Welsh for "Disorder") were an influential punk rock band from Bangor, North Wales and formed in 1982,[1] and initially sang only in Welsh.[2] The band were not supported by Radio Cymru or Welsh-language TV channel S4C, beyond an occasional interview, and bassist Rhys Mwyn became known as an outspoken critic of the Welsh pop industry.[1]
I a gana yn Kembrek yn unnyk bys 1994. Ny gevi gweres gans Radio Cymru po kanel bellwolok Kembrek S4C, marnas nebes keswelyow. Aswonnys o Rhys Mwyn, an fabordenydh, avel barner a'n diwysyans pop Kembrek.

Yn 1707 y tyllas ev an kynsa lyver a "Archaeologia Britannica: an Account of the Languages, Histories and Customs of Great Britain, from Travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland". Yma'n lyver ma ow preservya lies flourenn a Gernewek, warbarth gans akontys gramasek hir a'n yethow Keltek oll. Yma y skrifennow Kembrek, Kernewek, h.e. ow kul devnydh a lytherennans fonologiek a-varr. (Gwelewgh Dzhûan Tshei an Hɐr rag.)
Yn 1707 y tyllas ev an kynsa lyver a "Archaeologia Britannica: an Account of the Languages, Histories and Customs of Great Britain, from Travels through Wales, Cornwall, Bas-Bretagne, Ireland and Scotland". Yma'n lyver ma ow preservya lies flourenn a Gernewek, warbarth gans akontys gramasek hir a'n yethow Keltek oll. Yma y skrifennow Kembrek, Kernewek, h.e. ow kul devnydh a lytherennans fonologiek a-varr. (Gwelewgh Dzhûan Tshei an Hɐr rag.)

There are regular mainline trains from London, Midlands and the North West of England across the North Wales coast, to Bangor and then across to Anglesey, ending up in Holyhead for the ferry to Ireland.
Yma yn fenowgh trenow chif hyns horn dhyworth Loundres, an Krestiryow ha Pow Sows North West ow tremena arvor Kembra Gledh, bys Bangor hag ena bys yn Ynys Môn, ow korfenna bys Caergybi rag an kowbal dhe Iwerdhon.

The findings from both seminars were considered at the third Ministerial work sector meeting held in Cardiff and chaired by the First Minister of Wales, the Rt Hon Carwyn Jones AM.
An pyth a veu kevys dhyworth an dhiw gesareth a veu prederys orth an tressa kuntellyans ranngylgh ober Menystrek yn Kerdydh hag a veu kaderys gans an Kynsa Menyster a Gembra, An Enorys Meur Carwyn Jones AM.

This manuscript caused a huge stir when it was discovered in Wales only 20 years ago, in the papers of an academic after his death. It is a total mystery where it had been for 500 years. Many pages are missing from this manuscript, but this is the first existing page. It starts, in the top left, with the stage direction in Latin, "Keladocus surgit" (St Kea stands up). His speech is in Cornish. The top of the document has been eaten by rodents! Images are courtesy of The National Library of Wales (f. 1r).
An mammskrif ma a wrug habadolya pan veu diskudhys yn Kembra nans yw namoy es ugens bledhen, yn-mysk paperyow a akademek wosa y vernans. Kevrin yn tien yw y dhesedhans dres 500 bledhen. Yma fowt a lies folen a'n mammskrif ma, mes hemm yw an kynsa folen yw gesys. Y talleth ev kledh a-wartha gans kevarwodhyans gwari yn Latin, "Keladocus surgit" (Ke a sev yn-bann). Yn Kernewek yw y areth. Dybrys veu penn an skrif gans kniviles. Imajys gras dhe Lyverva Genedhlek Kembra (f. 1r).

Cornish is one of six Celtic languages, the others being Breton, Welsh, Manx, Irish Gaelic and Scots Gaelic. It is thought that the Celts migrated across to Britain and Ireland from mainland Europe bringing their languages which became predominant in the islands. Two different but closely related groups formed the base for the development of modern Gaelic Celtic languages of Scotland, Ireland and Man in the north (known as 'q' Celtic), and the modern Brythonic Celtic languages of Wales, Cornwall and Brittany in the south (known as 'p' Celtic). The geographical division between the two was reinforced by the invasion and settlement patterns of first the Romans and then, from the fifth century AD, the Saxons. The Saxon settlement also resulted in large numbers of Brythonic speaking Celts migrating across the sea to the peninsula of Armorica, already a known trading route, taking their name with them and thus founding Brittany. As a result of the now geographical separation of the languages, they began to diverge and grow independently from each other, and became the six Celtic languages that we are familiar with today.
Kernowek yw onan a hwegh tavas Keltek. An r’erel yw Breten, Kembrek, Manowek, Wordhenek ha Godhalek Alban. Yma radn supposya an Geltyon dhe dhos dhe Vreten Veur ha Wordhen dhort dor-bras Europa, ha ganjans aga thavosow a wrug maystri y’n enesow ma. Dew vagas dyffrans a davosow, - neb a veu kelmys an eyl dh’y gila na hwath -, a brovyas dallethvos rag displegyans an tavosow Keltek arnowyth. An eyl yw an bagas a davosow Godhalek yn noor... yn Alban, Wordhen ha Manow (gelwys Keltek ‘q’); y gila yw an bagas a davosow Brythonek yn soth... yn Kembra, Kernow ha Breten Vian (henwys Keltek ‘p’). Diberthva an dhew vagas yn spas an enesow a veu krevhes gen defolyans ha trevesygeth an Romans yn kensa, ha woja hedna an Sowson a dhalathas dhe lesa dhort pempes kansbledhen an Oos Kristyon. Trevesygeth an Sowson a wrug meur a gowsoryon Vrythonek dhe vos tramor dhe’n Arvorek war-lergh an wykoryon kens hedna. I a dhros ganjans aga hanow, yn fundya yndella Breten Vian. An tavosow a dhalathas dhe vos a-les ha tevi der vaner anserhek an eyl dhort y gila drefen anjei dhe vos dyberthys. Jei a dheuth ha bos an hwegh tavas Keltek yw godhvedhys dhyn yn jedh hedhyw.

This study addresses this deficit of public service provision, referencing our Celtic neighbours, the other recognised UK national minorities with protected status and autochthonous languages in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also takes a broader look at the current provision of PSB in the changing digital landscape where streaming giants dominate on-demand provision, and everywhere audiences and data determine commissioning; where personalisation portals, navigated by discoverability algorithms, offer diminishing returns from the churning ocean of ‘Peak TV’.
An studhyans ma a gows orth an fowt ma a brovians gonis poblek, ha kampolla agan kentrevogyon geltek, minorytys kenedhlek erel an RU yw aswonys gans gre difresys ha yethow teythyek yn Kembra, Alban hag Iwerdhon Gledh. Ev a gows yn efanna a brovians a-lemmyn a’n DGP y’n dirwedh vysyel usi ow chanjya, le may hwra kewri-frosa gwarthevya provians war-worholeth, hag yn pub le goslowysi ha data a dheterm an desedhegyans; ha porthow personelheans, yw lewys gans algorythmow diskudhadowder, a brof budhow ow lehe dhyworth an hager geynvor a ‘Peak TV’.

We are a group of people who campaign for the Welsh language and communities in Wales, and recognise that the campaign for Wales' unique language is part of a wider world-wide struggle for minority rights and freedoms. The following international pages provide a forum for international campaigners to share ideas and experiences of their minoritized languages and their struggle for rights. We hope you will draw inspiration from the work of international language campaigns on these pages, and contact us to collaborate or to suggest information. Use your tongue!
Ni yw bagas a dus a wra kaskyrghes a-barth an Yeth Kembrek ha kemmyniethow yn Kembra, ha ni a aswonn an kaskyrgh a-barth yeth dibarow Kembra dhe vos rann a'n strivyans efanna a-dreus an norvys a-barth gwiryow ha rydhder tus a'n leha rann. An folennow keswlasek a syw a wra klappva rag kaskyrghoryon keswlasek dhe gevranna tybyansow ha perthyansow a'ga yethow lehes ha'ga striv rag gwiryow. Yma govenek dhyn hwi dhe vos awenys dre ober kaskyrghow yeth keswlasek y'n folennow ma, ha kestava orthyn rag kesoberi po profya derivadow. Gwra devnydh a'gas taves!

THE MISSING BIT OF THE STORY I don’t know what happened next. I wasn’t there and never heard. At the relevant time, I was drifting in and out of consciousness in the infirmary – still feeling like shit whenever I awoke properly. (In more recent times, doctors have told me that they are amazed that I survived at all. As well as my lungs being badly scarred, there was evidence of bleeding in the brain, revealed by an MRI years later. The doctor who did the scan told me that I looked like a boxer who’d had too many fights. But, surely, he must have exaggerated – after all, I ended up pursuing a reasonably successful career (though, I confess, I often feel a bit vague these days.) In any case, over the years, I have ‘filled in’ the missing bit of the story – in my own mind, at least. This probably bears no relationship to what actually happened but I’ll share this version of the missing piece with you. If you ever find out what really happened, write and let me know – I’m still curious. o0o The Prince of Wales Hotel, Emily Street, Seymour, Victoria, Australia. This was a favourite watering-hole for Australian troops returning to Puckapunyal from the zombie ‘battle’ front. (Others favoured the Terminus Hotel and the Railway Hotel – but you don’t need to know that.) The overseas troops who were still on the base – and who had not yet been deployed to the battle front – also favoured the Prince of Wales. How shall I describe the Public Bar of the Prince of Wales, circa 1970? Ever been to a country pub that has not been renovated since around that time? If so, you’ve seen the Public Bar of the Prince of Wales: definitely no soft surfaces, a worn and cracked linoleum floor (for easy cleaning) and a number of ‘tall’ wooden tables around which knots of drinkers gathered and upon which they rested their glasses.
RANN KELLYS AN HWEDHEL Ny wonn pyth a hwarva nessa. Nyns esen vy ena ha ny glywis nevra yn y gever. Y’n termyn na, yth esen hwath ow mos po yn omwodhvos po yn-mes ha my y’n vedhegva. Peskweyth may tifunis yn ewn, my a omglywo unnweyth arta kepar ha kawgh. (Y’n termynyow a-dhiwedhes, y feuv derivys gans medhogyon aga bos sowdhenys gans ow threusvywnans. Kreythyes o’m skevens mes, dres henna, y fia goesans y’m ympynnyon a ylli bos gwelys yn IDT (Imaj Dassensans Tennvennek), gwrys nans yw nebes blydhynnyow. An medhek neb re wrussa an skann a dherivas dhymm ow bos kepar ha boksesor wosa re a gasow. Byttegyns, yn sur, ev a dalvia mos re bell - wosa oll, my a ylli a-wosa seweni da lowr yn resegva wordhi (kynth omglywav menowgh, an dydhyow ma, nebes niwlek y’m brys, dell avowav.) Yn neb kas, dres an blydhynnyow re sewenas, my a ylli ‘kollenwel’ an hwedhel gans an rann kellys - y’m brys ow honan, dhe’n lyha. Yn hwirhaval, ny vydh kevrenn vyth yntra’w rann ma ha’n hwedhel gwir – byttele, my a vynn kevrenna ow versyon an tamm kellys genowgh hwi. Byttegyns, mar diskudhowgh an gwirionedh y’n termyn a dheu, gwrewgh skrifa dhymm rag ow derivas – hwath govynnus ov. o0o Ostel Pennsevik Kembra, Stret Emyli, Simour, Budhykka, Ostrali. Dowran moyha kerys o an soudoryon Ostralek ow tehweles dhe Bukkapunyal dhiworth voward an vatel-zombi. (Moyha kerys an re erell o an Ostel Pennhyns po an Ostel Hyns-horn – mes nyns eus edhomm dhywgh a wodhvos henna.) Ostel Pennsevik Kembra, da o keffrys gans an soudoryon tramor esa hwath war an selva – ha na via na hwath danvennys dhe’n voward-vatel. Fatell allav deskrifa barr poblek an Ostel Pennsevik Kembra, y’n blydhynnyow 1970? A wodrigsowgh hwi diwotti y’n pow na via nowydhhes a-dhia an oes na? Mar kodrisowgh diwotti a’n par na, hwi re welas barr poblek an Ostel Pennsevik Kembra: nyns esa arenebow medhel vyth mes linoeleum, skwardyes ha krakkys, war an leur (rag y wul essa dhe lanhe) ha lies moes brennek ‘hir’ mayth esa kuntellys ‘kolmow’ a evysi ha warnedhi aga gwedrennow.

Cornish (Standard Written Form: Kernewek or Kernowek;[8] [kəɾˈnuːək]) is a Southwestern Brittonic language of the Celtic language family. It is a revived language, having become extinct as a living community language in Cornwall at the end of the 18th century. However, knowledge of Cornish, including speaking ability to a certain extent, continued to be passed on within families and by individuals,[9] and a revival began in the early 20th century. The language has a growing number of second-language speakers,[10] and a very small number of families now raise children to speak revived Cornish as a first language.[11][12] Cornish is currently recognised under the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages,[13] and the language is often described as an important part of Cornish identity, culture and heritage.[14][15] Along with Welsh and Breton, Cornish is descended from the Common Brittonic language spoken throughout much of Great Britain before the English language came to dominate. For centuries, until it was pushed westwards by English, it was the main language of Cornwall, maintaining close links with its sister language Breton, with which it was mutually intelligible, perhaps even as long as Cornish continued to be spoken as a vernacular.[16][17] Cornish continued to function as a common community language in parts of Cornwall until the mid 18th century. There is some evidence of knowledge of the language persisting into the 19th century, possibly almost overlapping the beginning of revival efforts.[18] A process to revive the language began in the early 20th century, and in 2010, UNESCO announced that its former classification of the language as "extinct" was "no longer accurate."[19] Since the revival of the language, some Cornish textbooks and works of literature have been published, and an increasing number of people are studying the language.[10] Recent developments include Cornish music,[20] independent films,[21] and children's books. A small number of people in Cornwall have been brought up to be bilingual native speakers,[22][23] and the language is taught in schools and appears on road signs.[24][25] The first Cornish-language day care opened in 2010.[26] Classification[edit] Cornish is a Southwestern Brittonic language,[27] a branch of the Insular Celtic section of the Celtic language family, which is a sub-family of the Indo-European language family.[28] Brittonic also includes Welsh, Breton, Cumbric and possibly Pictish, the last two of which are extinct. Scottish Gaelic, Irish and Manx are part of the separate Goidelic branch of Insular Celtic. Joseph Loth viewed Cornish and Breton as being two dialects of the same language, claiming that "Middle Cornish is without doubt closer to Breton as a whole than the modern Breton dialect of Quiberon [Kiberen] is to that of Saint-Pol-de-Léon [Kastell-Paol]."[29] Also, Kenneth Jackson argued that it is almost certain that Cornish and Breton would have been mutually intelligible as long as Cornish was a living language, and that Cornish and Breton are especially closely related to each other and less closely related to Welsh.[30] History[edit] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Cornish_language_shift.svg A map showing the westward decline of Cornish, 1300–1750 Cornish evolved from the Common Brittonic spoken throughout Britain south of the Firth of Forth during the British Iron Age and Roman period. As a result of westward Anglo-Saxon expansion, the Britons of the southwest were separated from those in modern-day Wales and Cumbria, which Jackson links to the defeat of the Britons at the Battle of Deorham in about 577.[31] The western dialects eventually evolved into modern Welsh and the now extinct Cumbric, while Southwestern Brittonic developed into Cornish and Breton, the latter as a result of emigration to parts of the continent, known as Brittany over the following centuries.[32] Old Cornish[edit] The area controlled by the southwestern Britons was progressively reduced by the expansion of Wessex over the next few centuries. During the Old Cornish (Kernewek Koth)[33] period (800–1200), the Cornish-speaking area was largely coterminous with modern-day Cornwall, after the Saxons had taken over Devon in their south-westward advance, which probably was facilitated by a second migration wave to Brittany that resulted in the partial depopulation of Devon.[34] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Vocabularium_Cornicum_BL_MS_Cotton_Vespasian_A_xiv_7r.jpg The first page of Vocabularium Cornicum, a 12th-century Latin-Cornish glossary The earliest written record of the Cornish language comes from this period: a 9th-century gloss in a Latin manuscript of De Consolatione Philosophiae by Boethius, which used the words ud rocashaas. The phrase may mean "it [the mind] hated the gloomy places",[35][36] or alternatively, as Andrew Breeze suggests, "she hated the land".[37] Other sources from this period include the Saints' List, a list of almost fifty Cornish saints,[38] the Bodmin manumissions, which is a list of manumittors and slaves, the latter with mostly Cornish names,[39] and, more substantially, a Latin-Cornish glossary (the Vocabularium Cornicum or Cottonian Vocabulary), a Cornish translation of Ælfric of Eynsham's Latin-Old English Glossary,[40] which is thematically arranged into several groups, such as the Genesis creation narrative, anatomy, church hierarchy, the family, names for various kinds of artisans and their tools, flora, fauna, and household items.[41][42] The manuscript was widely thought to be in Old Welsh until the 18th century when it was identified as Cornish by Edward Lhuyd.[43] Some Brittonic glosses in the 9th-century colloquy De raris fabulis were once identified as Old Cornish, but they are more likely Old Welsh, possibly influenced by a Cornish scribe.[44] No single phonological feature distinguishes Cornish from both Welsh and Breton until the beginning of the assibilation of dental stops in Cornish, which is not found before the second half of the eleventh century,[45] and it is not always possible to distinguish Old Cornish, Old Breton, and Old Welsh orthographically.[46] Middle Cornish[edit] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Origo_Mundi_kynsa_gwersow.jpg The opening verses of Origo Mundi, the first play of the Ordinalia (the magnum opus of medieval Cornish literature), written by an unknown monk in the late 14th century https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Beunans_Meriasek_(The_life_of_St_Meriasek)_(f.56v.)_Middle_Cornish_Saint%27s_Play.jpg Beunans Meriasek (The life of St. Meriasek) (f.56v.) Middle Cornish Saint's Play The Cornish language continued to flourish well through the Middle Cornish (Kernewek Kres)[33] period (1200–1600), reaching a peak of about 39,000 speakers in the 13th century, after which the number started to decline.[47][48] This period provided the bulk of traditional Cornish literature, and was used to reconstruct the language during its revival. Most important is the Ordinalia, a cycle of three mystery plays, Origo Mundi, Passio Christi and Resurrexio Domini. Together these provide about 8,734 lines of text. The three plays exhibit a mixture of English and Brittonic influences, and, like other Cornish literature, may have been written at Glasney College near Penryn.[49] From this period also are the hagiographical dramas Beunans Meriasek (The Life of Meriasek) and Bewnans Ke (The Life of Ke), both of which feature as an antagonist the villainous and tyrannical King Tewdar (or Teudar), a historical medieval king in Armorica and Cornwall, who, in these plays, has been interpreted as a lampoon of either of the Tudor kings Henry VII or Henry VIII.[50] Others are the Charter Fragment, the earliest known continuous text in the Cornish language, apparently part of a play about a medieval marriage,[51] and Pascon agan Arluth (The Passion of Our Lord), a poem probably intended for personal worship, were written during this period, probably in the second half of the 14th century.[52] Another important text, the Tregear Homilies, was realized to be Cornish in 1949, having previously been incorrectly classified as Welsh. It is the longest text in the traditional Cornish language, consisting of around 30,000 words of continuous prose. This text is a late 16th century translation of twelve of Bishop Bonner's thirteen homilies by a certain John Tregear, tentatively identified as a vicar of St Allen from Crowan,[53] and has an additional catena, Sacrament an Alter, added later by his fellow priest, Thomas Stephyn.[54] In the reign of Henry VIII, an account was given by Andrew Boorde in his 1542 Boke of the Introduction of Knowledge. He states, "In Cornwall is two speches, the one is naughty Englysshe, and the other is Cornysshe speche. And there be many men and women the which cannot speake one worde of Englysshe, but all Cornyshe."[55] When Parliament passed the Act of Uniformity 1549, which established the 1549 edition of the English Book of Common Prayer as the sole legal form of worship in England, including Cornwall, people in many areas of Cornwall did not speak or understand English. The passing of this Act was one of the causes of the Prayer Book Rebellion (which may also have been influenced by the retaliation of the English after the failed Cornish Rebellion of 1497), with "the commoners of Devonshyre and Cornwall" producing a manifesto demanding a return to the old religious services and included an article that concluded, "and so we the Cornyshe men (whereof certen of us understande no Englysh) utterly refuse thys newe Englysh."[56] In response to their articles, the government spokesman (either Philip Nichols or Nicholas Udall) wondered why they did not just ask the king for a version of the liturgy in their own language.[57] Archbishop Thomas Cranmer asked why the Cornishmen should be offended by holding the service in English, when they had before held it in Latin, which even fewer of them could understand.[58] Anthony Fletcher points out that this rebellion was primarily motivated by religious and economic, rather than linguistic, concerns.[59] The rebellion prompted a heavy-handed response from the government, and 5,500 people died during the fighting and the rebellion's aftermath. Government officials then directed troops under the command of Sir Anthony Kingston to carry out pacification operations throughout the West Country. Kingston subsequently ordered the executions of numerous individuals suspected of involvement with the rebellion as part of the post-rebellion reprisals.[60] The rebellion eventually proved a turning-point for the Cornish language, as the authorities came to associate it with sedition and "backwardness". This proved to be one of the reasons why the Book of Common Prayer was never translated into Cornish (unlike Welsh), as proposals to do so were suppressed in the rebellion's aftermath. The failure to translate the Book of Common Prayer into Cornish led to the language's rapid decline during the 16th and 17th centuries.[61][62] Peter Berresford Ellis cites the years 1550–1650 as a century of immense damage for the language, and its decline can be traced to this period. In 1680 William Scawen wrote an essay describing 16 reasons for the decline of Cornish, among them the lack of a distinctive Cornish alphabet, the loss of contact between Cornwall and Brittany, the cessation of the miracle plays, loss of records in the Civil War, lack of a Cornish Bible and immigration to Cornwall.[63] Mark Stoyle, however, has argued that the 'glotticide' of the Cornish language was mainly a result of the Cornish gentry adopting English to dissociate themselves from the reputation for disloyalty and rebellion associated with the Cornish language since the 1497 uprising.[64] Late Cornish[edit] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Lether_Bodinar.jpg William Bodinar's letter, dated 3 July 1776 By the middle of the 17th century, the language had retreated to Penwith and Kerrier, and transmission of the language to new generations had almost entirely ceased. In his Survey of Cornwall, published in 1602, Richard Carew writes: [M]ost of the inhabitants can speak no word of Cornish, but very few are ignorant of the English; and yet some so affect their own, as to a stranger they will not speak it; for if meeting them by chance, you inquire the way, or any such matter, your answer shall be, "Meea navidna caw zasawzneck," "I [will] speak no Saxonage."[65] The Late Cornish (Kernewek Diwedhes)[33] period from 1600 to about 1800 has a less substantial body of literature than the Middle Cornish period, but the sources are more varied in nature, including songs, poems about fishing and curing pilchards, and various translations of verses from the Bible, the Ten Commandments, the Lord's Prayer and the Creed.[66] Edward Lhuyd's Archaeologia Britannica, which was mainly recorded in the field from native speakers in the early 1700s, and his unpublished field notebook are seen as important sources of Cornish vocabulary, some of which are not found in any other source.[67] Archaeologia Britannica also features a complete version of a traditional folk tale, John of Chyanhor, a short story about a man from St Levan who goes far to the east seeking work, eventually returning home after three years to find that his wife has borne him a child during his absence.[68] In 1776, William Bodinar, who describes himself as having learned Cornish from old fishermen when he was a boy, wrote a letter to Daines Barrington in Cornish, with an English translation, which was probably the last prose written in the traditional language. In his letter, he describes the sociolinguistics of the Cornish language at the time, stating that there are no more than four or five old people in his village who can still speak Cornish, concluding with the remark that Cornish is no longer known by young people.[69] However, the last recorded traditional Cornish literature may have been the Cranken Rhyme,[70][71] a corrupted version of a verse or song published in the late 19th century by John Hobson Matthews, recorded orally by John Davey (or Davy) of Boswednack, of uncertain date but probably originally composed during the last years of the traditional language. Davey had traditional knowledge of at least some Cornish.[72] John Kelynack (1796–1885), a fisherman of Newlyn, was sought by philologists for old Cornish words and technical phrases in the 19th century.[73] Decline of Cornish speakers between 1300 and 1800[edit] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Dorothy_Pentreath.jpg Dolly Pentreath (died 1777), said to be the last monolingual speaker of Cornish, in an engraved portrait published in 1781 It is difficult to state with certainty when Cornish ceased to be spoken, due to the fact that its last speakers were of relatively low social class and that the definition of what constitutes "a living language" is not clear cut. Peter Pool argues that by 1800 nobody was using Cornish as a daily language and no evidence exists of anyone capable of conversing in the language at that date.[74] However, passive speakers, semi-speakers and rememberers, who retain some competence in the language despite not being fluent nor using the language in daily life, generally survive even longer. The traditional view that Dolly Pentreath (1692–1777) was the last native speaker of Cornish has been challenged,[18] and in the 18th and 19th centuries there was academic interest in the language and in attempting to find the last speaker of Cornish. It has been suggested that, whereas Pentreath was probably the last monolingual speaker, the last native speaker may have been John Davey of Zennor, who died in 1891.[75] However, although it is clear Davey possessed some traditional knowledge in addition to having read books on Cornish, accounts differ of his competence in the language. Some contemporaries stated he was able to converse on certain topics in Cornish whereas others affirmed they had never heard him claim to be able to do so.[74] Robert Morton Nance, who reworked and translated Davey's Cranken Rhyme, remarked, "There can be no doubt, after the evidence of this rhyme, of what there was to lose by neglecting John Davey."[76] The search for the last speaker is hampered by a lack of transcriptions or audio recordings, so that it is impossible to tell from this distance whether the language these people were reported to be speaking was Cornish, or English with a heavy Cornish substratum, nor what their level of fluency was. Nevertheless this academic interest, along with the beginning of the Celtic Revival in the late 19th century, provided the groundwork for a Cornish language revival movement. Notwithstanding the uncertainty over who was the last speaker of Cornish, researchers have posited the following numbers for the prevalence of the language between 1050 and 1800.[48][47]
Kernowek po Kernewek yw yeth keltek Kernow. Bretonek yw y gar nessa, hag yma an dhiw yeth na, gans Kembrek, ow kul an bagas Brythonek a'n kordh keltek. Yma an yeth ow kevrenna 80% a'y erva selvenek gans Bretonek, 75% gans Kembrek, ha 35% gans an yethow Godhelek, Iwerdhonek ha Gwydhelek an Alban. Yma Kembrek ow kevrenna 70% a'y erva selvenek gans Bretonek. Avel yeth ranndiryel a Bow Kernow, yma Kernewek dhe les dh'unn gre sodhogel, hag yma Konsel Kernow (gwelewgh Politegieth Kernow) ow ri arhans rag hwarvedhyansow y'n yeth dasserhyes. Lien[golegi | pennfenten] Erthyglow leun a vanylyon: Lien Kernowek ha Skriforyon yn Kernowek. Yma dew vagas a oberow lien Kernewek, herwydh an prys. An kynsa yw an lien hengovek, hag an nessa yw lien an dasserhyans. Manahow gatholik ha pronteryon erel a skrifas oberow chyf a'n lien hengovek. An lien arnowydh yw askorras kenedhlogoryon hag erel a erviras gul devnydh a'n yeth. Y'n termyn ma, brassa yw korf an lien arnowydh ages an korf hengovek. Kernewek yw pupprys skrifys y'n lytherennek romanek, mes war-lergh manerow pals. Yn Kernewek hengovek, oberow liennek o skrifys yn peswar system dre vras: onan an Vocabularium Cornicum (Kernewek Koth); onan a Gernowek Kres (warbarth gans vershyon arbennek Radulphus Ton); onan a Gernewek diwedhes a-dro dhe Bensans (Tonkin, Borlase, an teylu Boson h.e.); hag onan a Edward Lhuyd. Istori an yeth[golegi | pennfenten] https://kw.wikipedia.org/wiki/Restren:Penzansagasdynerghcrop.jpeg Arwodh dhiwyethek yn Pennsans Yth esa trigoryon Vreten Veur ow kewsel yeth keltek kyns termyn Iulius Caesar. An Romanyon a asas an enys yn 410, hag an Sowson a drevesigas yn Pow Sows. Kas Dyrham yn 577 a dhiberthas an Vrythonyon yntra "Brythonyon an Worlewin" (an Gembroyon) ha "Brythonyon an Dehow" (an Gernowyon). Yn 936 y tryghas luyow Athelstan (an myghtern sows) bro Kernow hag apoyntya Dowr Tamer avel an amal ynter tus Dewnans ha'n Gernowyon. Yma nebes skrifennow Kernewek Koth ow tydhya a'n oos ma, yn arbennek an Vocabularium Cornicum. An Pla Meur a hedhas Breten Veur yn 1349. Yth esa kemmys ankow na dhaskavas niver a Gernowegoryon nevra hwath. Y'n degbledhenyow ow tos, y skrifas hwelow chyf a lien Kernewek Kres – an Ordinalia ha Beunans Meriasek – yn Kollji Glasneth (sodhva a epskobeth katholik Karesk). Mes yth esa an yeth hwath ow kelli hy hys. Kaws a Rebellyans an Lyver Pysadow yn 1549 o enebi an lyvrow pysadow protestant nowyth, skrifys yn Sowsnek yn unnik. Kernewek Diwedhes a dhisplegyas yn 17ves kansblydhen yn kevrangow Pennwydh ha Kerrier. Sempelheansow gramasek hag omgerdh fonologiek o gnasow arbennek an oos ma. Yth esa an skoler brythonek Edward Lhuyd yn Kernow ow studhya an yeth y'n furv dhiwedhes ma yn 1700. Unn a'n diwettha Kernowegoryon aga mammyeth o Dolly Pentreath a Borthynys; hi a veu marow yn 1777. A-dhia 1904, nebes aktivedhyon a omgemmeras kaskyrgh rag dyski, devnydhya ha dasvywa an yeth y'n Dasserhyans Kernowek. Yn 1986, an omsav Kernewek a wodhevis fols yn tri bagas; mes ny lehas an niver a studhyoryon an yeth. Wosa kansblydhen a vywder tavosel, an yeth a gavas hy haswon gans Senedh an Rywvaneth Unys avel taves ranndiryel Gernow yn 2002 yn-dann an Chartour Europek rag Yethow Ranndiryel po Bian. Studhyans[golegi | pennfenten] Gwelewgh Studhyansow Kernowek rag rol a lyvrow gramasek, gerlyvrow, h.e. Y'n 17ves kansblydhen, William Scawen (1601–1689) o onan a'n kynsa tus a vynna kuntelles lavarow ha remenans an yeth kernewek. Nebes termyn wosa henna, y tisplegyas skol antikwaris Pennwydh a-dro dhe John Keigwin, an teylu Boson, William Borlase, h.e. An skoler kembrek Edward Lhuyd (onan a'n fondyers a studhyow Keltek) a oberas warbarth gans eseli an bagas ma. Kansblydhen wosa henna ogatti, William Pryce (1725(?)–1790) a berhennogas hwithransow Kernewek Lhuyd ha'ga dyllo avel Archaeologia Cornu-Britannica (1790). Rowedh meur esa dhe'n lyver ma y'n bledhenyow a-varr a studhyansow Kernewek, kyns skoloryon dhe wodhvos bos Lhuyd an awtour chyf. Attendya an taves Kernewek a wrug moy ha moy a akademedhyon y'n 19ves kansblydhen. Edwin Norris (1795–1872) a dhyllas an Ordinale yn 1859 (The Ancient Cornish Drama), warbarth gans treylyans Sowsnek ha gramasek Kernewek. Whitley Stokes (1830–1909), den laha a Iwerdhon, o den a boos yn studhyansow Keltek; dyllansow Gwreans an Bys ha Beunans Meriasek ev a wrug warbarth gans gerva a 2000 ger. An skoler bretonek Joseph Loth (1847–1934) a studhya Bretonek ha Kembrek warbarth gans Kernewek. Ev a dhylla lies erthygel a-dro dhe'n yeth Kernewek yn Revue Celtique. Henry Jenner, kynsa hembrenkyas an dasserhyans, a avowys Loth ha Stokes avel ragresegedhyon a res dhodho. Llawlyfr Cernyweg Canol o gramasek Kernewek Kres gans Henry Lewis hag esa dhe les dhe A.S.D. Smith ha Kembregoryon erel. Revd Robert Williams a skrifas Lexicon Cornu-Britannicum (gerva) yn 1865, ha Dr Frederick W.P. Jago unn gerlyver Sowsnek-Kernewek yn 1885. Gramasek ha gerva Kernewek o materow alhwedhel sertan rag gedyoryon an Dasserhyans: Jenner, Hal Wyn, Mordon, Caradar, h.e. Yma Ray Edwards, Oliver Padell, Nicholas Williams, Richard Gendall ha Ken George ow pesya aga hwithransow bys an dedhyow ma. A-der an Dasserhyans, kevrohow notadow dhe studhyansow an yeth kernewek a wrug Paula Neuss, Brian Murdoch, Lauren Toorians, hag erel. Fonologieth[golegi | pennfenten] Yma lies tybyans a-dro dhe fonologieth Kernewek a'n eyl oos ha'n aral, ha nyns eus unnveredh war lies poynt posek. Yn-mysk an skoloryon ow studhya an maters ma lemmyn, y tegodh notya Nicholas Williams, Ken George, Charles Penglase, Richard Gendall hag Ifan Wmffre. War-lergh Ken George, fonologieth Kernewek a-dro dhe dermyn Bywnans Meryasek a via moy po lyha yndella:

Providing ‘local’ news and radio for a county within the framework of a SW Region of England, the current PSB provision from BBC is not fit for purpose. It fails to deliver a voice for the Cornish people. In failing to deliver meaningful representation of Cornish language and people the BBC is in direct contravention of its General Duties (14) Diversity requirements. The Council of Europe’s (unheeded) Advisory Committee continues to criticise the ongoing lack of media provision for the Cornish, reiterating its recommendations for ‘immediate action’ in Resolution CM/ResCMN (2018)1 on 7 February 2018 to: Take resolute action to ensure that the revision of the BBC Charter improves access to mass media for persons belonging to national and ethnic minorities; increase funding and ensure a variety of programmes for minority languages, in particular for the Irish language, and introduce such support for the Cornish language (Council of Europe, 2018). Having regard to the recognition of the Cornish language under the Council of Europe’s ECRML in 2003, and granting of protected national minority status under the FCPNM in 2014; Having regard to these failures by the Government of the United Kingdom and the BBC in provision of public service for the Cornish language and the people; This study addresses this deficit of public service provision, referencing our Celtic neighbours, the other recognised UK national minorities with protected status and autochthonous languages in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland. It also takes a broader look at the current provision of PSB in the changing digital landscape where streaming giants dominate on-demand provision, and everywhere audiences and data determine commissioning; where personalisation portals, navigated by discoverability algorithms, offer diminishing returns from the churning ocean of ‘Peak TV’. Building on ideas expounded in ‘A Future for Public Service Television’ (Freedman and Goblot, 2018) this report explores what a new non-metropolitan, non-linear, Cornish Public Service Media could look like: built on distributed ledger technology (DLT) and designed for the ‘democratic communicative pluralism’ (Born 2018, p.134) of our digital future. The BBC (and Britain) face an existential crisis; the flowering of federal diversity has outgrown orthodox structures of centralized administration, challenging them to evolve rapidly or risk plummeting into obscurity. This report poses the question: can the BBC provide leadership in redesigning BBC Nations & Regions to recognise, reflect and revitalize the complex plurality of 21st century British identity? In light of the climate emergency and rising wealth inequality - Cornwall remains one of the poorest areas of the UK and the second poorest region in Northern Europe (Eurostat, 2014) - it is essential that any new public service intervention be designed with regenerative principles at their heart. Taking direction from Kate Raworth’s seminal ‘Doughnut Economics’ (2017) and with reference to the globally valued B Impact Assessment, this report reflects a radical design thinking process in its proposals. Cornwall is recognised as a nationally significant creative cluster. It contains a wealth of notable assets, a cultural heritage of creativity and innovation, industry and art, celebrated exceptional spaces and immersive inspirational places. Cornwall and the Isles of Scilly Local Enterprise Partnership (CIOS LEP) has identified 10 sector opportunities for investment to drive sustainable growth and help transform the UK economy. Leading these is Creative: ‘the creative sector is a cultural and economic asset – and it’s growing at twice the rate of the UK economy’ (CIOS LEP, 2018).
Ow provia nowodhow ha radyo ‘leel’ a-barth konteth a-ji framweyth Ranndir SW a Bow Sows, nyns yw provians an DGP (PSB) a-lemmyn dhyworth an BBC gwiw rag porpos. Y fyllir orth delivra lev rag an bobel gernewek. Ha’n BBC ow fyllel orth delivra kanasedhyans leun a styr a’n yeth ha’n bobel gernewek, ev a dorr yn syth y Dheverow Ollgemmyn (14) Diversita ow tochya an gorholedhow. Kessedhek Kussulyek an Konsel Europa a bes breusi (heb bos merkys) fowt a brovians media a-barth an Gernowyon, ha dasleverel y gomendyansow rag ‘gwrians desempis’ yn Evrirans CM/ResCMN (2018) 1 an 7ves a vis Hwevrer 2018: Rag gul gwrians hardh rag surhe daswel Chartour an BBC dhe wellhe hedhas dhe routh-vedia gans tus yw eseli minorytys kenedhlek hag ethnek; rag ynkressya arghasans ha surhe bos towlennow divers yn yethow minoryta, yn arbennek yn Iwerdhonek, ha dalleth skoodhyans a’n par na rag Kernewek (Konsel Europa 2018). Ow tochya aswonvos an yeth kernewek yn-dann CEYRM (ECRML) Konsel Europa yn 2003, ha gront gre minoryta kenedhlek difresys yn-dann an KFDVK (FCPNM) yn 2014; Ow tochya an falladow ma gans Governans an Ruvaneth Unys ha’n BBC a-barth provians gonis poblek rag an yeth kernewek ha’n bobel gernewek; An studhyans ma a gows orth an fowt ma a brovians gonis poblek, ha kampolla agan kentrevogyon geltek, minorytys kenedhlek erel an RU yw aswonys gans gre difresys ha yethow teythyek yn Kembra, Alban hag Iwerdhon Gledh. Ev a gows yn efanna a brovians a-lemmyn a’n DGP (PSB) y’n dirwedh vysyel usi ow chanjya, le may hwra kewri-frosa gwarthevya provians war-worholeth, hag yn pub le goslowysi ha data a dheterm an desedhegyans; ha porthow personelheans, yw lewys gans algorythmow diskudhadowder, a brof budhow ow lehe dhyworth an hager geynvor a ‘Peak TV’. An skrif ma a wra drehevel war dybyansow styrys yn ‘Devedhek rag Pellwolok Gonis Poblek’ (Freedman ha Goblot, 2018) ha hwithra pyth a yll bos semlant Media Gonis Poblek Kernewek anlinyek pell a’n worcita: drehevys war deknologeth lyver-akontow lesrynnys (TLL) ha desinys a-barth an ‘liesplekter keskomunyek gweriniethek’ (Born 2018 f.134) a’gan devedhek bysyel. Yma barras eksistyansel dhe’n BBC (ha Breten Veur); an bleujyowans a dhiverseth keffrysek a wordevis kesweythow usadow menystrans kresennys, orth aga chalenjya dhe esplegya yn uskis po bos yn godros kodha yn tewlder. An derivas ma a wovyn: a yll an BBC provia hembrenkyans dhe dhastesinya Kenedhlow & Ranndiryow an BBC rag aswonvos, dastewynnya ha dasvywhe an liesplekter kompleth a honanieth Predennek an 21ens kansvledhen? Dre reson an goredhom hin hag anparder golusogneth ow sevel - hwath yth yw Kernow yn mysk an boghosekka ranndiryow a’n RU ha’n ranndir nessa boghosekka yn Europa Kledh (Eurostat, 2014) – res porres yw bos pub gwrians gonis poblek nowydh desinys gans pennrewlys dastinythyek y’ga holon. An skif ma a gemmer kevarwodhyans a ‘Erbysieth Knowen Doos’ Kate Raworth (2017) ha, gans menek an Arvreusyans Effeyth B yw talvosys yn ollvysel, an derivas ma a dhastewyn argergh tybyans desin radikal yn y brofyansow. Aswonys yw Kernow dres an genedhel avel bonni awenek a vri. Yma dhodho bern a gerthow nosedhek, ertach gonisogethek a awen hag arnowedhyans, diwysyans ha kreft, spasow aswonys dres eghen ha tylleryow awenek troghyansek. Kespareth Aventur Leel Kernow ha Syllan a (KAL KS) a gampollas 10 chons ranngylgh rag kevarghow dhe herdhya tevyans sostenadow ha gweres orth treusformya erbysieth an RU. Awenek a wra aga ledya: ‘an ranngylgh awenek yw kerth wonisogethek hag erbysiethek - hag y tyv orth dewblek kevradh erbysieth an RU’ (KAL KS, 2018).