nonmetals oor Kornies

nonmetals

naamwoord

Plural form of nonmetal.

Vertalings in die woordeboek Engels - Kornies

dialkenyow

Soortgelyke frases

nonmetal
analkan · anvetelek · divetelek

metals, metalloids and nonmetals
alkenyow, alkanoydow, ha dialkenyow

voorbeelde

nonmetal
/ divetelek / / /

nonmetals
/ dialkenyow / / /

Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is Earth's most abundant element, and after hydrogen and helium, it is the third-most abundant element in the universe. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O 2. Diatomic oxygen gas currently constitutes 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere, though this has changed considerably over long periods of time. Oxygen makes up almost half of the Earth's crust in the form of oxides.[3] Dioxygen provides most of the chemical energy released in combustion[4] and aerobic cellular respiration,[5] and many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain oxygen atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, as do the major constituent inorganic compounds of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as a component of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is continuously replenished in Earth's atmosphere by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O 3), strongly absorbs ultraviolet UVB radiation and the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation. However, ozone present at the surface is a byproduct of smog and thus a pollutant. Oxygen was isolated by Michael Sendivogius before 1604, but it is commonly believed that the element was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774. Priority is often given for Priestley because his work was published first. Priestley, however, called oxygen "dephlogisticated air", and did not recognize it as a chemical element. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, who first recognized oxygen as a chemical element and correctly characterized the role it plays in combustion. Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.
Elven gymyk yw oksyjen, niver 8 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw O. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka oxy genes, ow styrya furvya trenken. Oksyjen yw an elven tressa moyha pals y'n Ollvys, wosa hidrojen ha heliom. Y'n Kevreyth Howlek, anusadow yw an Norvys drefen bos kemmys oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh (arwodh sur a vewnans, drefen bos furvyes gans lughwrians). Essensek yw oksyjen drefen y vos rann a DNAha kesstoffow erel posek dhe vewonieth. Yma edhomm dhe pub eneval a oksyjen rag anella. Nans yw a-dro dhe 2.4 bilvil bledhen an nivel oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh a dhallathas sevel y'n Hwarvos Oksidysans Meur. Eghennow nowydh a usyas lughwrians dhe askorra oksyjen. An oksyjen o gwenon dhe'n cyanobakteria hag a vewa kyns. Ny yll den anella pan vo le ages 17% oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh. Mes re oksyjen yw peryllus ynwedh, yn arbennek dhe sedhoryon downvor, neb a yll kavos the bends. Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) a veu an kynsa dhe dhiskrifa oksyjen yn mis Est 1774. Ev a fogellas howlsplann war verkurik oksid (HgO), ha kuntel an gass hag a veu askorrys. Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786), kymygydh a Sweden, a wrug devnydhya an unn method diw vledhen kyns henna, mes ny skrifas derivas. Yn mis Gwynngala 1774 ev a skrifas lyther dhe Antoine Lavoisier (1743-94) yn Pow Frynk a-dro dhe'y dhiskudhyans. Ny leveris Lavoisier ev dhe dhegemeres an lyther. Priestley a vysytyas Lavoisier yn mis Hedra 1774, ha ny leveris Lavoisier a-dro dhe henna hwath. Mes Lavoisier a gonvedhas diskudhyans oksygen dhe dhisprevi tybieth phlogiston. Lavoisier a brovyas an hanow oxygene rag an elven. Askorrys yw 100 milvil tonnas a oksyjen dhyworth an ayr pub bledhen, po dhyworth ayr linyel po devnydhya ridrow zeolit dhe sugna'n nitrojen dhyworth an ayr. Usys yw an brassa rann a'n oksyjen dhe wul dur (55%) po y'n diwysyans kymyk (25%). Usys yw mynsow le yn klavjiow, dyghtya dowr, fusennow ha treghi alkenyow. An diwysyans kymyk a dhasober oksyjen gans ethylen dhe wul ethylen oksid, hag yn y dro dhe wul lin gorthrew, polyester ha gwiasow dillas. Monow silikon-oksyjen a gomprehend an brassa rann a groghen an Norvys, war-barth oksidow elvennow erel. Oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh ughel a wari rann bosek yn y furv ozon (O3). An ozon a wra sugna dewynnyans ugh-violet, ow kwitha enep an Norvys rag an dewynnyans peryllus ma. Klorofluorokarbonow o kudyn meur dhe'n Nivel Ozon, mes lettyes ens gans an Protokol Montreal yn 1987. Poos atomek yw 15.99, y boynt teudhi yw -218°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw -183°C. Y dhosedh yw 1.43 gramm an liter. Gass diliw, anvlasus yw oksyjen. Glas yw liw lin oksyjen.

Silicon is a chemical element with the symbol Si and atomic number 14. It is a hard, brittle crystalline solid with a blue-grey metallic luster, and is a tetravalent metalloid and semiconductor. It is a member of group 14 in the periodic table: carbon is above it; and germanium, tin, lead, and flerovium are below it. It is relatively unreactive. Because of its high chemical affinity for oxygen, it was not until 1823 that Jöns Jakob Berzelius was first able to prepare it and characterize it in pure form. Its oxides form a family of anions known as silicates. Its melting and boiling points of 1414 °C and 3265 °C, respectively, are the second highest among all the metalloids and nonmetals, being surpassed only by boron. Silicon is the eighth most common element in the universe by mass, but very rarely occurs as the pure element in the Earth's crust. It is most widely distributed in space in cosmic dusts, planetoids, and planets as various forms of silicon dioxide (silica) or silicates. More than 90% of the Earth's crust is composed of silicate minerals, making silicon the second most abundant element in the Earth's crust (about 28% by mass), after oxygen. Silicon is a natural element, and when not previously present has a residence time of about 400 years in the world's oceans.[10] Most silicon is used commercially without being separated, often with very little processing of the natural minerals. Such use includes industrial construction with clays, silica sand, and stone. Silicates are used in Portland cement for mortar and stucco, and mixed with silica sand and gravel to make concrete for walkways, foundations, and roads. They are also used in whiteware ceramics such as porcelain, and in traditional silicate-based soda-lime glass and many other specialty glasses. Silicon compounds such as silicon carbide are used as abrasives and components of high-strength ceramics. Silicon is the basis of the widely used synthetic polymers called silicones.
Elven gymyk niver 14 y'n Vosen Beriodek yw silikon. Y furvell gymyk yw Si. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Latin silex, ow styrya kelester. Usys veu silika avel kelesterow dhe wul an toulys kynsa. Essensek dhe nebes eghennow kepar ha diatomow ha spongow yw silikon avel silikon dioksid po silika (SiO2). Gwrys yw aga hesweythow dhyworth silika. Gwirhaval yw y vos essensek dhe dus ynwedh. Nyns yw silikon ha'y gesstoffow gwenonek. Y'n gwettha prys, mars yw anellys perthyglow munys a silika y'n skevens, i a wra kawsya silikosis. Arwodhow yw anellans ronk, pasa ha fyllel anella. Kemmyn o an dises yn-mysk tus val asbestos, oberoryon lesterva ha gweythvaow fronnow kerri neb a wre usya asbestos. Usys yw an kesstoff silikon dhe wul ympyansow bronn. Yn 1800 Syr Humphrey Davy a leveris silika dhe vos kesstoff, nyns elven avel leveris Lavoisier. Mes ny yllis digelmi an elven gans elektrolysans. Diskudhys veu silikon gans Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848) yn Stockholm yn 1824. Kevys yw silikon yn lies furv dres an Norvys. Pals yw tewes avel pennfenten silika. Balweyth re beu kowlwrys rag monow silikon avel talk (yn Ostri, Itali hag Eynda), ha mika (yn Kanada, an Statys Unys ha Brasil). Yth yw furvow erel silika mar danow i bos pur gostek, rag ensampel opal hag amethyst. An diwysyans drehevel a wra kregi war dewes ha lim (kalciom silikat), ha gul gweder ynwedh. Silikon fest pur yw usys yn korrasklos rag jynnow amontya. Karborundum (silikon karbid - SiC) yw ogas dhe galetter adamant, hag usys yw avel daffar eskravus. Gwrys yw kroghen an Norvys gans lies moon silikon kepar ha men growan. Poos atomek silikon yw 28.09, y boynt teudhi yw 1410°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 2355°C. Y dhosedh yw 2.3kg an liter. Hanter-alkan yw silikon. Glas-loos yw y wrysow gans lenter metelyek.

Selenium is a chemical element with the symbol Se and atomic number 34. It is a nonmetal (more rarely considered a metalloid) with properties that are intermediate between the elements above and below in the periodic table, sulfur and tellurium, and also has similarities to arsenic. It seldom occurs in its elemental state or as pure ore compounds in the Earth's crust. Selenium – from Greek selḗnē (σελήνη 'Moon') – was discovered in 1817 by Jöns Jacob Berzelius, who noted the similarity of the new element to the previously discovered tellurium (named for the Earth). Selenium is found in metal sulfide ores, where it partially replaces the sulfur. Commercially, selenium is produced as a byproduct in the refining of these ores, most often during production. Minerals that are pure selenide or selenate compounds are known but rare. The chief commercial uses for selenium today are glassmaking and pigments. Selenium is a semiconductor and is used in photocells. Applications in electronics, once important, have been mostly replaced with silicon semiconductor devices. Selenium is still used in a few types of DC power surge protectors and one type of fluorescent quantum dot.
Elven gymyk yw seleniom, niver 34 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Se. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger selene, hanow Greka dhe'n Loor. Elven essensek dhe'n korf denel yw seleniom. Rann yw dhe'n ensaymow glutathion peroksidas ha deyodinas. Yn despit dhe hemma seleniom a yll bos gwenonek (a ugh 450μg an jydh). Arwodhow a bosna seleniom yw anal flerys. Seleniom a yll defolya. Yn 1983 defolyes veu kreun dowr Kesterson yn nans San Joaquin, Kaliforni, gans seleniom dhyworth bargennyow tir leel. Diskudhys veu seleniom gans Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779-1848) yn Stockholm yn 1817. Ev a wrug hwithrans war remenant orth goles kerynyow yn gweythva trenken sulfur. Ev a verkyas bos seleniom hevelep dhe deloriom. Hemma veu an acheson rag an hanow (seleniom - an Loor, ha teloriom - an Norvys). Tanow yw monow seleniom. Askorrys yw avel isaskorr purhe kober, plomm ha zynk, dell yw usys. An askorroryon moyha yw Kanada, an Statys Unys, Bolivi ha Russi, a-dro dhe 1500 tonnas an vledhen (hag eylgylghys yw 150 tonnas aral). Alkan seleniom a wra kendegi milgweyth gwell pan vo y'n howlsplann. Usys yw ytho rag kellow fototredanek, liesskrifellow ha panellow howlek (30% a askorrans). Usys yw 25% dhe wul gweder (keworrys selenat sodiom (Na2SeO4) dh'y dhasliwa, po selenid kadmiom dhe wul gweder rudhem), yn arbennek gweder liw brons rag tourow ebron. Usys yw 15% avel selenat sodiom dhe wul boos enevales. Keworrys yw kesstoffow seleniom dhe shampoo gorth-lownyow kroghen an penn. Poos atomek seleniom yw 78.96, y boynt teudhi yw 217°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 685°C. Y dhosedh yw 4.8kg an liter. Seleniom a eksist avel diw furv: alkan arghansek po polter rudh.

metals, metalloids and nonmetals
/ alkenyow, alkanoydow, ha dialkenyow / / /

nonmetal
/ analkan / / /

Astatine is a chemical element with the symbol At and atomic number 85. It is the rarest naturally occurring element in the Earth's crust, occurring only as the decay product of various heavier elements. All of astatine's isotopes are short-lived; the most stable is astatine-210, with a half-life of 8.1 hours. A sample of the pure element has never been assembled, because any macroscopic specimen would be immediately vaporized by the heat of its own radioactivity. The bulk properties of astatine are not known with certainty. Many of them have been estimated based on the element's position on the periodic table as a heavier analog of iodine, and a member of the halogens (the group of elements including fluorine, chlorine, bromine, and iodine). However, astatine also falls roughly along the dividing line between metals and nonmetals, and some metallic behavior has also been observed and predicted for it. Astatine is likely to have a dark or lustrous appearance and may be a semiconductor or possibly a metal. Chemically, several anionic species of astatine are known and most of its compounds resemble those of iodine, but it also sometimes displays metallic characteristics and shows some similarities to silver.
Elven gymyk yw astatin, niver 85 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw At. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka astatos, ow styrya diantel. Astatin yw an elven naturel moyha tanow war an Norvys. Pur beryllus yw drefen y radyoweythres glew. Askorrys o astatin rag an kynsa tro yn 1940 yn Pennskol Kaliforni gans tri godhonydh: Dale Corson, K Mackenzie hag Emilio Segre (fysegydh italek neb a fias dhe'n fo dhyworth rewlyans Mussolini). Drefen breynans radyoweythresek, yma le ha 30g yn krestennen an nor. Ny yll godhonydhyon askorra myns meur lowr rag y weles. An radyowethres glew a wrussa y ethenna a-dhistowgh. Desevys yw dhe vos hevelep dhe iodin war rann y liw (tewl/du) ha komposyans (divetelek). Estemys yw bos y boynt treudhi ha poynt bryjyon ogas dhe 302°C ha 337°C. Hanter bewnans an isotop hag a vyw hirra yw 8 our.

nonmetal
/ anvetelek / / /