genetic drift oor Masedonies
genetic drift
en
(genetics, evolutionary theory) An overall shift of allele distribution in an isolated population, due to random fluctuations in the frequencies of individual alleles of the genes.
Vertalings in die woordeboek Engels - Masedonies
генетски дрифт
en
variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population
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voorbeelde
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Population geneticists addressed this concern in part by comparing selection to genetic drift.
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Genetic drift is a change in allele frequencies caused by random sampling.
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The effect of genetic drift is larger in small populations, and smaller in large populations.
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Selection can overcome genetic drift when s is greater than 1 divided by the effective population size.
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Vigorous debates wage among scientists over the relative importance of genetic drift compared with natural selection.
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Whether genetic drift is a minor or major contributor to speciation is the subject matter of much ongoing discussion.
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The process of genetic drift can be illustrated using 20 marbles in a jar to represent 20 organisms in a population.
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The population genetics of genetic drift are described using either branching processes or a diffusion equation describing changes in allele frequency.
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The effect of genetic drift is larger for alleles present in few copies than when an allele is present in many copies.
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According to this principle, the frequencies of alleles (variations in a gene) will remain constant in the absence of selection, mutation, migration and genetic drift.
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Ronald Fisher held the view that genetic drift plays at the most a minor role in evolution, and this remained the dominant view for several decades.
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This fluctuation is analogous to genetic drift – a change in the population's allele frequency resulting from a random variation in the distribution of alleles from one generation to the next.
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In 1968 Motoo Kimura rekindled the debate with his neutral theory of molecular evolution which claims that most of the changes in the genetic material are caused by genetic drift.
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The role of genetic drift by means of sampling error in evolution has been criticized by John H. Gillespie and William B. Provine, who argue that selection on linked sites is a more important stochastic force.
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In contrast to natural selection, which makes gene variants more common or less common depending on their reproductive success, the changes due to genetic drift are not driven by environmental or adaptive pressures, and may be beneficial, neutral, or detrimental to reproductive success.
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When there is no selection for loss of function, the speed at which loss evolves depends more on the mutation rate than it does on the effective population size, indicating that it is driven more by mutation bias than by genetic drift.
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Changes in the frequency of an allele in a population are mainly influenced by natural selection, where a given allele provides a selective or reproductive advantage to the organism, as well as other factors such as mutation, genetic drift, genetic hitchhiking, artificial selection and migration.
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Neves' conclusions have been challenged by research done by anthropologists Rolando González-José, Frank Williams and William Armelagos, who have shown in their studies that the cranio-facial variability could just be due to genetic drift and other factors affecting cranio-facial plasticity in Native Americans.
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