ribosome oor Oksitaans
ribosome
en
(biology) Small organelles found in all cells; involved in the production of proteins by translating messenger RNA.
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ribosòma
en
An intracellular organelle, about 200 A in diameter, consisting of RNA and protein. It is the site of protein biosynthesis resulting from translation of messenger RNA (mRNA). It consists of two subunits, one large and one small, each containing only
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It was probably a prokaryote, possessing a cell membrane and probably ribosomes, but lacking a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles such as mitochondria or chloroplasts.
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Initiation involves the small subunit of the ribosome binding to 5' end of mRNA with the help of initiation factors (IF), other proteins that assist the process.
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The ribosome is a multi-subunit structure containing rRNA and proteins.
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Once the nascent protein is released in termination, Ribosome Recycling Factor and Elongation Factor G (EF-G) function to release mRNA and tRNAs from ribosomes and dissociate the 70S ribosome into the 30S and 50S subunits.
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The ribosome continues to translate the remaining codons on the mRNA as more aminoacyl-tRNA bind to the A site, until the ribosome reaches a stop codon on mRNA(UAA, UGA, or UAG).
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The complex of one mRNA and a number of ribosomes is called a polysome or polyribosome.
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Chloramphenicol blocks the peptidyl transfer step of elongation on the 50S ribosomal subunit in both bacteria and mitochondria.
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The best-studied example of cap-independent translation initiation in eukaryotes is that by the Internal ribosome entry site (IRES).
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Elongation occurs when the next aminoacyl-tRNA (charged tRNA) in line binds to the ribosome along with GTP and an elongation factor.
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Termination of the polypeptide happens when the A site of the ribosome faces a stop codon (UAA, UAG, or UGA).
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However, it does not engage in translocation and quickly dissociates from the ribosome, causing a premature termination of polypeptide synthesis.
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Because of the relatively large size of ribosomes, they can only attach to sites on mRNA 35 nucleotides apart.
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Thus, it binds to the ribosomal A site and participates in peptide bond formation, producing peptidyl-puromycin.
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13 sinne gevind in 2 ms. Hulle kom uit baie bronne en word nie nagegaan nie.