The first pitched battle of the war, at Edgehill on 23 October 1642, proved inconclusive, both Royalists and Parliamentarians claiming victory. The second field action, the stand-off at Turnham Green, saw Charles forced to withdraw to Oxford, which would serve as his base for the rest of the war. In 1643, Royalist forces won at Adwalton Moor, gaining control of most of Yorkshire.
สีแถบกํากับค่า Y (แกนที่สองscb_mt_enth_2020 scb_mt_enth_2020