styrya oor Engels

styrya

Vertalings in die woordeboek Kornies - Engels

consider

werkwoord

construe

verb noun

define

verb noun

explain · gloss · interpret · make of · mean · purport · signify · spell

Soortgelyke frases

hedn ew dhe styrya
namely

styrya bos
mean that

styrya orth
apply to

henn yw dhe styrya
meaning · namely

ow styrya
meanin' · meaning

hag a wra styrya
meaning · which explains · which means · which will explain · which will mean

voorbeelde

7304 Y furvell gymyk yw I. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka iodes, ow styrya purpur. 30.6488
7304 Y furvell gymyk yw I. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka iodes, ow styrya purpur. 30.6488

An ervirans a ros dhe'n dus kernewek an keth gre ha'n dus albanek, kembrek, hag iwerdhonek ha styrya bos dhedha "an gwir dhe; gorra yn geryow, gwitha, kevrenna ha displegya aga gonisogeth ha honanieth diblans", ow ri dhe Gernewek aswonvos ha gwithans pella.
The decision afforded the Cornish the same status as the Scots, the Welsh and the Irish, and means that they have "the right to; express, preserve, share and develop their distinct culture and identity", giving the Cornish language further recognition and protection.

Elven gymyk yw merkuri po arghans byw, niver 80 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Hg, dhyworth an ger Latin hydrogyrum, ow styrya arghans linyel. An hanow merkuri a dheu dhyworth an planet. Nyns eus rann dhe verkuri y'n korf denel, mes ev a eksist yn pub tra byw yn mynsow munys awos y vos y'n ayrgylgh. Posna gans merkuri o kemmyn y'n termyn eus passyes, mes pur danow yw lemmyn drefen rewlyansow tynn yeghes ha sawder. Nans yw termyn hir, gorhemmynys o kalomel (merkuri klorid, Hg2Cl2) avel fysek lowsya. Pan dheuth pockys Frynk ha mos kudyn y'n 15ves kansvledhen, an unnik kur o corrosive sublimate, merkurik klorid (HgCl2). Peryllus o an kur, hag ownek o tus a'n kur keffrys ha'n dises. Arwodhow posna merkuri yw drog penn, penn-dro, hwyja ha drog torr. Nivelyow ughel a verkuri a veu yn gols Isaac Newton (1642-1727), yn gwirhaval dhyworth y ober alkemi, hag yn gols Robert Burns, dhyworth dyghtyans rag an pockys frynk, keffrys ha Myghtern Henry VIII hag Ivan an Euthyk a Russi. Lavar koth yn Sowsnek yw mad as a hatter. Hemm a dheu dhyworth devnydh merkuri gans an re hag a wre pali dhyworth milvlew lostledanes ha konines. Usys o moon merkuri, vermeyl po cinnabar (merkuri sulfid, HgS), avel liw rudh splann gan lymnoryon kynsistorek dhe afina fowys. Kevys veu jarrik leun a verkuri yn bedh yn Ejyp gans an hendhyskonydh Almaynek, Heinrich Schliemann (1882-1890). An alkemydh Chinek, Ko Hung (281-361OK) a skrifas a-dro dhe varth a dreylya cinnabar rudh splann dhe verkuri arghansek orth y dommhe. Aristotle an grek, ha'n Roman, Pliny an Kottha a wodhya hemma ynwedh. Cinnabar yw an chif moon hwath, kevys yn Spayn, Russi hag Itali dre vras. Askorrys yw 8,000 tonnas an vledhen. Usys yw dhe wruthyl klorin ha sodiom hydroksid. Nyns eus devnydh dhe verkuri rag tempredhellow, gul hattys ha batriow lemmyn. Ensampel drok a dhefolya kerghynnedh gan merkuri veu an terosa Baya Minimata yn Nihon y'n 1950ow. Kowethyans kymyk leel a wrug diskarga 100 tunnas a verkuri an vledhen dres 30 bledhen. Yth esa gans puskes an baya nivel ughel a verkuri. Evredhek o dres 10,000 a dus a gavas 'Dises Minimata'. Poos atomek merkuri yw 200.59, y boynt teudhi yw -39°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 357°C. Y dhosedh yw 13.5kg an liter. Alkan linyel arghansek yw merkuri.
Mercury is a chemical element with the symbol Hg and atomic number 80. It is commonly known as quicksilver and was formerly named hydrargyrum (/haɪˈdrɑːrdʒərəm/ hy-DRAR-jər-əm) from the Greek words, hydor (water) and argyros (silver).[4] A heavy, silvery d-block element, mercury is the only metallic element that is known to be liquid at standard conditions for temperature and pressure; the only other element that is liquid under these conditions is the halogen bromine, though metals such as caesium, gallium, and rubidium melt just above room temperature. Mercury occurs in deposits throughout the world mostly as cinnabar (mercuric sulfide). The red pigment vermilion is obtained by grinding natural cinnabar or synthetic mercuric sulfide. Mercury is used in thermometers, barometers, manometers, sphygmomanometers, float valves, mercury switches, mercury relays, fluorescent lamps and other devices, though concerns about the element's toxicity have led to mercury thermometers and sphygmomanometers being largely phased out in clinical environments in favor of alternatives such as alcohol- or galinstan-filled glass thermometers and thermistor- or infrared-based electronic instruments. Likewise, mechanical pressure gauges and electronic strain gauge sensors have replaced mercury sphygmomanometers. Mercury remains in use in scientific research applications and in amalgam for dental restoration in some locales. It is also used in fluorescent lighting. Electricity passed through mercury vapor in a fluorescent lamp produces short-wave ultraviolet light, which then causes the phosphor in the tube to fluoresce, making visible light. Mercury poisoning can result from exposure to water-soluble forms of mercury (such as mercuric chloride or methylmercury), by inhalation of mercury vapor, or by ingesting any form of mercury.

a 23:28 Sela-hammahlekoth: Yw dhe styrya Karrek an Rannow. b 23:29 Y’n Ebrow, an Septuagint ha’n Vulgat 23:29 yw niverys
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27 ‘Lemmyn ow enev yw troblys; ha pandr’a lavarav? “A Das, gwra ow selwel dhiworth an eur ma”? Mes rakhemma y teuth vy bys y’n eur ma. 28 A Das, gwra glorifia dha hanow.’ Ena lev a dheuth dhiworth nev, ‘My a’n glorifias, ha my a’n glorifi arta.’ 29 An routh neb a sevi ena a’n klewas, ha leverel hi dhe wul taran; re erell a leveris, ‘El re gewsis dhodho.’ 30 Yesu a worthybis ha leverel, ‘Ny dheuth an lev a’m govis vy mes ragowgh hwi. 31 Lemmyn yth yw breus an bys ma, lemmyn y fydh pryns an bys ma tewlys yn-mes. 32 Ha my, pan viv drehevys a’n norvys, a denn tus oll dhymmo vy.’ 33 Ev a leveris hemma, ow styrya py par mernans a vedha ow merwel dredho. 34 Ytho an routh a worthybis dhodho, ‘Ni re glewas y’n lagha, Krist dhe besya bynitha; ha fatell leverowgh y tal Mab an den dhe vos drehevys? Piw yw an “Mab an den” ma?’ 35 Ena Yesu a leveris dhedha, ‘Hwath pols byghan yma an golow genowgh. Kerdhewgh hedre vo genowgh an golow, ma na wrello tewlder agas dalghenna. Neb a gerdh y’n tewlder ny woer ple’th a. 36 Hedre vo genowgh an golow, trestyewgh y’n golow, rag may fowgh mebyon an golow.’ Yesu a gewsis hemma, hag ev eth dhe-ves hag omgudha ragdha.
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/ styrya / / verb-hanow /
signify

7307 Y furvell gymyk yw N. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka nitron ha genes, ow styrya furvya solpyter. 26.024
7307 Y furvell gymyk yw N. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka nitron ha genes, ow styrya furvya solpyter. 26.024

524 An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka argos, ow styrya diek. 29.3911
524 An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka argos, ow styrya diek. 29.3911

styrya
(hkv.) komprehendya ha menegez styr ; perthi styr mean; sygnifia signify; ynterpretya interpret; igeri explain; definya define; decode

interpret styrya/ VERB
interpret styrya/ VERB

737 An kangarou yw porsvil a'n teylu Macropodidae (a wra styrya "troos bras"). 35.0699
737 An kangarou yw porsvil a'n teylu Macropodidae (a wra styrya "troos bras"). 35.0699

21 Hag i a gonstrynas unn Simon a Kyrene esa ow tremena, ow tos dhiworth an pow, tas Aleksander ha Rufus, dhe dhoen y grows. 22 Hag i a’n dros bys y’n tyller Golgotha, dhe styrya yw, Tyller Krogen. 23 Hag i a ros dhodho dhe eva gwin kemmyskys gans myrr; mes ny’n kemmeras. 24 Hag i a’n krowsyas, ha ranna y dhillas, ow tewlel prenn warnedha, pandr’a gemmerra pubonan.
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3660 Henwys veu dhyworth an ger Greka anti-monos, ow styrya 'ny war y honan'. 39.937
3660 Henwys veu dhyworth an ger Greka anti-monos, ow styrya 'ny war y honan'. 39.937

4881 Mate Kapović a wra dyffrans yntra "worhemmyn" ha "deskrifa", ow styrya an kyns avel "process a godhevaryans arbennik a yeth rag neb eghen a dhevnydh sodhogel"m ha'n diwettha avel "tuedh anwodhoniethek a gloudhe gorhemmyn yethoniethel". 60.0828
4881 Mate Kapović a wra dyffrans yntra "worhemmyn" ha "deskrifa", ow styrya an kyns avel "process a godhevaryans arbennik a yeth rag neb eghen a dhevnydh sodhogel"m ha'n diwettha avel "tuedh anwodhoniethek a gloudhe gorhemmyn yethoniethel". 60.0828

AN KYNSA ARETH “Rag y teu an yankis, y teu an yankis ...” An antemna koth na, meur y wlaskerensa, a dheuth dhiworth oes an Nessa Bresel an Bys, a rolyas a-dro dhe’m ympynnyon ha my esedhys ryb ow broder yn bagh. My a dhallathas hogen y gana mes Davydh a lagattas heb hedhi orthymm – ny garas nevra klywes ow henys. (Denvyth ny’n kar!) Ytho, ow nowodhow re via ewn, yth esa soudoryon estrenyek ow tos rag krevhe stryvyans a’n tyller. Hemm a styrya, heb mar, nag o gorfennys vyth an ‘bresel’ erbynn godros an zombis. Ha, mar prederres yn y gever, ny via henna marth. Kepar dell dhesevsen dres termyn batel an bennskol Melbourne, yth esa chyf arenebedh ogas dhe 400,000 km pedrek lemmyn kontrolyes gans an zombis – hag yth esa pup-prys tardhow nowydh ow hwarvos dres an arenebedh na. Ytho, yn despit dhe vernansow a vilyow an zombis – dre jynn-sethow ha napalm – dhe’n bennskol, yth esa hwath kansow a vilyow anedha ow kwandra a-dro dhe bowdir – hag yth esens i, an eyl wosa y gila, ow ‘hesskrifa’, tan meur y’ga holonnow, moy a dus hogen dhe’n movyans (pypynag o henna). Hag ytho y feu Davydh ha my bos diskwedhys, avel mir gwir an zombis, dhe’n ‘dowbois’ ma (henn yw leverel, soudoryon amerikanek), pur fresk aga fismens. Yth en an imaj ‘kyns’ ha Davydh o an imaj ‘wosa’ – kepar ha’n argemmynnow- kommyk koth esa ow mynnes gwertha daffar rag krevhe an korf. A vien ‘Yowann kroenek’? A via tewes potyes y’m fas? Nyns o hemma gwirhaval. My a dhesevas agan bos kemmerys dhe Pukkapunyal, an brassa selva yn Budhykka. Kres Budhykka o vyaj a dhew po tri our dhiworth Kastlemayne dre gert-lu. Ytho, yth heveli bos an termyn ewn rag agan vyaj heb diwedh y’n kertik. (Wosa ewnans rag kammans a dermyn drefenn ow dewlagas dhe vos kudhys.) Mars esa ewn ow thybyans a-dro dh’agan le – nowodhow da o henna. Ha, wosa oll, Pukkapunyal a via tyller herwydh reson rag trenyans soudoryon estrenyek ow kul devnydh a gondysyons Ostralek – mes pellder lowr dhiworth chyf arenebedh an klevesans. Unnweyth arta, ow threnyans avel souder-brentys a allsa bos dhe-les.
THE FIRST LECTURE ‘For the Yanks are coming, the Yanks are coming, ...’ That old patriotic anthem from World War Two rolled about in my head as I sat in a cell beside my brother. I even started to sing it but David glared at me – he never did like to hear me singing. (Nobody does!) So, just as I had heard, there were foreign troops on the way to reinforce the local effort. What this meant, of course, was that the ‘war’ against the zombie menace was by no means over. And, if you thought about it, that was no surprise. As I had speculated at the time of the battle at Melbourne University, a primary area of 400,000 square kilometres had been taken over by the zombies – and outbreaks were occurring all the time beyond that zone. So, despite the fact that thousands of zombies had been machine-gunned and napalmed at the university, there were hundreds of thousands of them still roaming the countryside – and they, in their turn, were still actively ‘conscripting’ yet more to the cause (whatever that might be). And, as a result, David and I were to be used to show these fresh-faced doughboys what a zombie looked like. I was to be the ‘before’ image and David was to be the ‘after’ – like in one of those old comic-book advertisements for body-building equipment. Was I ‘Skinny John’? Would I have sand kicked in my face? Probably not. I guessed we had been taken to Puckapunyal, the largest army base in Victoria. It was in Central Victoria, two or three hours by army truck from Castlemaine. So, the interminable journey in the paddy wagon fitted with that geography (once corrected for time distortion due to blindfolding.) If my guess on our location were correct – and this would be a logical place to train foreign soldiers in Australian conditions, away from the primary zone of infection – that was good news. Once again, my cadet training would come in handy.

Elven gymyk yw hidrojen, niver onan y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw H. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka hydro ha genes, ow styrya furvya dowr. Hidrojen veu an elven gynsa furvyes y'n Bomm Bras, an elven voyha pals y'n Ollvys yw, an elven gynsa y'n vosen beriodek, an elven hag a voos an Howl ha'n ster, ha'n gass moyha skav. Meur a rann hidrojen war an nor yw awos dowr ha trenkennow. Hidrojen yw 88% a atomow an Ollvys. Yn kres steren kepar ha'n Howl, an tempredh ughel (a-dro dhe 13 milvil gradh) ha dosedh ughel (200kg an liter) a wra kawsya dhe hidrojen 'leski', h.y. protons a omdedh dhe furvya nuklesennow heliom, ow livra myns efan a nerthedh ha dewynnyans. An Howl a chanj 600 milvil tunnas a hidrojen pub eylen dhe heliom. Ytho hidrojen yw keunys ster. Dowr a syns 65% a boos an korf denel. Elven essensek dhe vewnans yw hidrojen awos y vos rann a DNA. Yma edhomm dhe'n korf denel a-dro dhe 2.5 liter a dhowr pub dydh oll. Hanter hemma yw yn furv diwes ha'n hanter aral avel boos. Prov spektrum hidrojen Diskudhys veu hidrojen gans Henry Cavendish (1731-1810), onan a'n dus voyha golusek yn Pow Sows. Ev a gemyskas livyow horn ha trenken sulfurik. An gass hag a dheuth o purloskadow. Yn 1781 ev veu an kynsa dhe dhiskwedhes dowr bos furvys pan leskys veu hidrojen yn ayr. Awos hemma, henwys veu hidrojen gan an kymegydh Frynkek a vri, Antoine Lavoisier. Yma dhe hidrojen dhew isotop aral, deuteriom gans unn nywtron y'n nuklesen ha tritiom gans dew nywtron y'n nuklesen. Y hyllir usya tritiom dhe wul tanbellen 'hidrojen'. Usys o hidrojen dhe wul gorholyon ayr. Wosa droklamm an Hindenburg yn 1937, ny veu usys gorholyon ayr namoy. Askorrys yw moy es 30 milvil tunnas an vledhen dhyworth gass naturel. Usys yw dhe wul ammonya hag ena godeylyow. Y'n dedhyow ma, re kyttrinyow ha kerri a yll devnydhya hidrojen, hag y leverir y vos keunys rag an termyn a dheu. Y'n keth fordh, hidrojen a alsa bos an fordh dhe askorra tredan y'n termyn a dheu dre gesteudhans hidrojen. Nyns yw an deknologieth avonsys lowr hwath, mes martesen y fydh an ragdres ITER yn Pow Frynk kamm yn-rag. Gass diliw, anvlasus yw. Tardhadow yw kemyskans a hidrojen hag ayr.
Hydrogen is the chemical element with the symbol H and atomic number 1. Hydrogen is the lightest element. At standard conditions hydrogen is a gas of diatomic molecules having the formula H2. It is colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and highly combustible. Hydrogen is the most abundant chemical substance in the universe, constituting roughly 75% of all normal matter. Stars such as the Sun are mainly composed of hydrogen in the plasma state. Most of the hydrogen on Earth exists in molecular forms such as water and organic compounds. For the most common isotope of hydrogen (symbol 1H) each atom has one proton, one electron, and no neutrons. In the early universe, the formation of protons, the nuclei of hydrogen, occurred during the first second after the Big Bang. The emergence of neutral hydrogen atoms throughout the universe occurred about 370,000 years later during the recombination epoch, when the plasma had cooled enough for electrons to remain bound to protons. Hydrogen is nonmetallic, except at extremely high pressures, and readily forms a single covalent bond with most nonmetallic elements, forming compounds such as water and nearly all organic compounds. Hydrogen plays a particularly important role in acid–base reactions because these reactions usually involve the exchange of protons between soluble molecules. In ionic compounds, hydrogen can take the form of a negative charge (i.e., anion) where it is known as a hydride, or as a positively charged (i.e., cation) species denoted by the symbol H+. The H+ cation is simply a proton (symbol p) but its behavior in aqueous solutions and in ionic compounds involves screening of its electric charge by nearby polar molecules or anions. Because hydrogen is the only neutral atom for which the Schrödinger equation can be solved analytically, the study of its energetics and chemical bonding has played a key role in the development of quantum mechanics. Hydrogen gas was first artificially produced in the early 16th century by the reaction of acids on metals. In 1766–1781, Henry Cavendish was the first to recognize that hydrogen gas was a discrete substance, and that it produces water when burned, the property for which it was later named: in Greek, hydrogen means "water-former". Industrial production is mainly from steam reforming of natural gas, oil reforming, or coal gasification. A small percentage is also produced using more energy-intensive methods such as the electrolysis of water.

/ styrya / / verb-hanow /
explain

538 An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka osme, ow styrya fler (enep an elven a fler osmiom tetroksid, hag a'n jeves sawor poos mosek). 33.7139
538 An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka osme, ow styrya fler (enep an elven a fler osmiom tetroksid, hag a'n jeves sawor poos mosek). 33.7139

a 9:22 Tabera: Yw dhe styrya loskvann, Niverow 11:3. Massa: prov, Eksodus 17:7. Kibroth-hattaava: bedhow an ewl, Niverow
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namely hedn ew dhe styrya KERNEWEK DIWEDHES ADVERB , henn yw dhe
namely hedn ew dhe styrya KERNEWEK DIWEDHES ADVERB , henn yw dhe

469 An ger sten a dheu dhyworth an ger Latinek stannum, martesen dhyworth an ger Sanskrit stan, ow styrya kales. 21.7474
469 An ger sten a dheu dhyworth an ger Latinek stannum, martesen dhyworth an ger Sanskrit stan, ow styrya kales. 21.7474

Ni re spenas termyn y’n Konsel ow prederi a-dro dhe’n goblegyansow, ha ni a wayt y hwra an vosen a sew styrya an chanj meur dh’agan towlow avel sewyans an daslev a veu res dhyn.
We have spent some time in the Council considering the implications and we hope that the following table explains the key changes to our plans as a result of the feedback given.

a 36:2 Rabshake: Soedhek ughel assyriek, yw dhe styrya Pennhanafor, po Pennleveryas.
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560 An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka neos didymos, ow styrya gevel nowydh. 26.9952
560 An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka neos didymos, ow styrya gevel nowydh. 26.9952

Elven gymyk yw oksyjen, niver 8 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw O. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an geryow Greka oxy genes, ow styrya furvya trenken. Oksyjen yw an elven tressa moyha pals y'n Ollvys, wosa hidrojen ha heliom. Y'n Kevreyth Howlek, anusadow yw an Norvys drefen bos kemmys oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh (arwodh sur a vewnans, drefen bos furvyes gans lughwrians). Essensek yw oksyjen drefen y vos rann a DNAha kesstoffow erel posek dhe vewonieth. Yma edhomm dhe pub eneval a oksyjen rag anella. Nans yw a-dro dhe 2.4 bilvil bledhen an nivel oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh a dhallathas sevel y'n Hwarvos Oksidysans Meur. Eghennow nowydh a usyas lughwrians dhe askorra oksyjen. An oksyjen o gwenon dhe'n cyanobakteria hag a vewa kyns. Ny yll den anella pan vo le ages 17% oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh. Mes re oksyjen yw peryllus ynwedh, yn arbennek dhe sedhoryon downvor, neb a yll kavos the bends. Joseph Priestley (1733-1804) a veu an kynsa dhe dhiskrifa oksyjen yn mis Est 1774. Ev a fogellas howlsplann war verkurik oksid (HgO), ha kuntel an gass hag a veu askorrys. Carl Wilhelm Scheele (1742-1786), kymygydh a Sweden, a wrug devnydhya an unn method diw vledhen kyns henna, mes ny skrifas derivas. Yn mis Gwynngala 1774 ev a skrifas lyther dhe Antoine Lavoisier (1743-94) yn Pow Frynk a-dro dhe'y dhiskudhyans. Ny leveris Lavoisier ev dhe dhegemeres an lyther. Priestley a vysytyas Lavoisier yn mis Hedra 1774, ha ny leveris Lavoisier a-dro dhe henna hwath. Mes Lavoisier a gonvedhas diskudhyans oksygen dhe dhisprevi tybieth phlogiston. Lavoisier a brovyas an hanow oxygene rag an elven. Askorrys yw 100 milvil tonnas a oksyjen dhyworth an ayr pub bledhen, po dhyworth ayr linyel po devnydhya ridrow zeolit dhe sugna'n nitrojen dhyworth an ayr. Usys yw an brassa rann a'n oksyjen dhe wul dur (55%) po y'n diwysyans kymyk (25%). Usys yw mynsow le yn klavjiow, dyghtya dowr, fusennow ha treghi alkenyow. An diwysyans kymyk a dhasober oksyjen gans ethylen dhe wul ethylen oksid, hag yn y dro dhe wul lin gorthrew, polyester ha gwiasow dillas. Monow silikon-oksyjen a gomprehend an brassa rann a groghen an Norvys, war-barth oksidow elvennow erel. Oksyjen y'n ayrgylgh ughel a wari rann bosek yn y furv ozon (O3). An ozon a wra sugna dewynnyans ugh-violet, ow kwitha enep an Norvys rag an dewynnyans peryllus ma. Klorofluorokarbonow o kudyn meur dhe'n Nivel Ozon, mes lettyes ens gans an Protokol Montreal yn 1987. Poos atomek yw 15.99, y boynt teudhi yw -218°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw -183°C. Y dhosedh yw 1.43 gramm an liter. Gass diliw, anvlasus yw oksyjen. Glas yw liw lin oksyjen.
Oxygen is the chemical element with the symbol O and atomic number 8. It is a member of the chalcogen group in the periodic table, a highly reactive nonmetal, and an oxidizing agent that readily forms oxides with most elements as well as with other compounds. Oxygen is Earth's most abundant element, and after hydrogen and helium, it is the third-most abundant element in the universe. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bind to form dioxygen, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas with the formula O 2. Diatomic oxygen gas currently constitutes 20.95% of the Earth's atmosphere, though this has changed considerably over long periods of time. Oxygen makes up almost half of the Earth's crust in the form of oxides.[3] Dioxygen provides most of the chemical energy released in combustion[4] and aerobic cellular respiration,[5] and many major classes of organic molecules in living organisms contain oxygen atoms, such as proteins, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, and fats, as do the major constituent inorganic compounds of animal shells, teeth, and bone. Most of the mass of living organisms is oxygen as a component of water, the major constituent of lifeforms. Oxygen is continuously replenished in Earth's atmosphere by photosynthesis, which uses the energy of sunlight to produce oxygen from water and carbon dioxide. Oxygen is too chemically reactive to remain a free element in air without being continuously replenished by the photosynthetic action of living organisms. Another form (allotrope) of oxygen, ozone (O 3), strongly absorbs ultraviolet UVB radiation and the high-altitude ozone layer helps protect the biosphere from ultraviolet radiation. However, ozone present at the surface is a byproduct of smog and thus a pollutant. Oxygen was isolated by Michael Sendivogius before 1604, but it is commonly believed that the element was discovered independently by Carl Wilhelm Scheele, in Uppsala, in 1773 or earlier, and Joseph Priestley in Wiltshire, in 1774. Priority is often given for Priestley because his work was published first. Priestley, however, called oxygen "dephlogisticated air", and did not recognize it as a chemical element. The name oxygen was coined in 1777 by Antoine Lavoisier, who first recognized oxygen as a chemical element and correctly characterized the role it plays in combustion. Common uses of oxygen include production of steel, plastics and textiles, brazing, welding and cutting of steels and other metals, rocket propellant, oxygen therapy, and life support systems in aircraft, submarines, spaceflight and diving.