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Author: langbot
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English[en]
Gold is a chemical element with the symbol Au (from Latin: aurum) and atomic number 79, making it one of the higher atomic number elements that occur naturally. It is a bright, slightly orange-yellow, dense, soft, malleable, and ductile metal in a pure form. Chemically, gold is a transition metal and a group 11 element. It is one of the least reactive chemical elements and is solid under standard conditions. Gold often occurs in free elemental (native) form, as nuggets or grains, in rocks, veins, and alluvial deposits. It occurs in a solid solution series with the native element silver (as electrum), naturally alloyed with other metals like copper and palladium, and mineral inclusions such as within pyrite. Less commonly, it occurs in minerals as gold compounds, often with tellurium (gold tellurides). Gold is resistant to most acids, though it does dissolve in aqua regia (a mixture of nitric acid and hydrochloric acid), forming a soluble tetrachloroaurate anion. Gold is insoluble in nitric acid, which dissolves silver and base metals, a property long used to refine gold and confirm the presence of gold in metallic substances, giving rise to the term acid test. Gold also dissolves in alkaline solutions of cyanide, which are used in mining and electroplating. Gold dissolves in mercury, forming amalgam alloys, and as the gold acts simply as a solute, this is not a chemical reaction. A relatively rare element,[6][7] gold is a precious metal that has been used for coinage, jewelry, and other arts throughout recorded history. In the past, a gold standard was often implemented as a monetary policy. Still, gold coins ceased to be minted as a circulating currency in the 1930s, and the world gold standard was abandoned for a fiat currency system after 1971.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw owr, niver 79 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw Au. An hanow ha furvell a dheu dhyworth an yeth Latin aurum, ow styrya golow an howldrehevel. Nyns yw rann dhe owr y'n korf denel. Nyns yw gwenonek hwath. Usys yw yn medhegieth dhe wellhe arwodhyow fagel mellow (arthritis). Hanow an dyghtyans ma yw chrysotherapy dhyworth an ger Greka rag owr, chrysos. Usys yw owr gans medhogyon dhens (moy ha 60 tunnas an vledhen) rag lenwel dens, kurunyow, ha dens owr, yn arbennek yn Almayn ha Nihon. Aswonnys o owr a-dhia termyn kynsistorek. Y hwrug bedhow riel cita Ur koth komprehendya gemmweyth owr nans yw 5000 bledhen. Gwrys veu bathow owr pur yn Turki gans Myghtern Croesus yn 550 K.O.K.. Nyns yw owr an alkan moyha tanow, nag an alkan moyha kostek hwath. Yn istori, diskudhyans owr a wrug kawsya lies den dhe movya dhe diredhow nowydh, kepar ha Kaliforni, Ostrali ha'n Klondike. Askorrys yw 2500 tonnas an vledhen, dre vras yn Afrika Dhyghow, an Statys Unys, Kanada ha Ostrali. Usys yw rag bulyon, yn gemmweyth (75% anedha), gweder ha daffar elektronek. Kevys yw liwyow dyffrans dre geworra alkenyow erel dhodho. Owr gwynn yw 90% owr ha 10% nikel, owr rudh (50% owr, 50% kober), owr glas (46% owr, 54% indiom), owr purpur (80% owr, 20% aluminiom), owr gwer (73% owr, 27% arghans) hag owr du (75% owr, 25% kobalt). Owr yw an alkan gans an goveluster (malleability) moyha. Y hyllir gul folennow pur denow anedha, usys yn pennserneth, hag dhe orheri lorellow efanvos. Alkan medhel melyn splann yw owr. Y boos atomek yw 196.96, y boynt teudhi yw 1064°C ha'y boynt bryjyon 2807°C. Y dhosedh yw 19.3 kg an liter.