Metadata
Author: langbot
Data
English[en]
Phosphorus is a chemical element with the symbol P and atomic number 15. Elemental phosphorus exists in two major forms, white phosphorus and red phosphorus, but because it is highly reactive, phosphorus is never found as a free element on Earth. It has a concentration in the Earth's crust of about one gram per kilogram (compare copper at about 0.06 grams). In minerals, phosphorus generally occurs as phosphate. Elemental phosphorus was first isolated as white phosphorus in 1669. White phosphorus emits a faint glow when exposed to oxygen – hence the name, taken from Greek mythology, Φωσφόρος meaning 'light-bearer' (Latin Lucifer), referring to the "Morning Star", the planet Venus. The term phosphorescence, meaning glow after illumination, derives from this property of phosphorus, although the word has since been used for a different physical process that produces a glow. The glow of phosphorus is caused by oxidation of the white (but not red) phosphorus — a process now called chemiluminescence. Together with nitrogen, arsenic, antimony, and bismuth, phosphorus is classified as a pnictogen. Phosphorus is an element essential to sustaining life largely through phosphates, compounds containing the phosphate ion, PO43−. Phosphates are a component of DNA, RNA, ATP, and phospholipids, complex compounds fundamental to cells. Elemental phosphorus was first isolated from human urine, and bone ash was an important early phosphate source. Phosphate mines contain fossils because phosphate is present in the fossilized deposits of animal remains and excreta. Low phosphate levels are an important limit to growth in some aquatic systems. The vast majority of phosphorus compounds mined are consumed as fertilisers. Phosphate is needed to replace the phosphorus that plants remove from the soil, and its annual demand is rising nearly twice as fast as the growth of the human population. Other applications include organophosphorus compounds in detergents, pesticides, and nerve agents.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw fosforos, niver 15 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw P. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka phosphoros, ow styrya 'karyer golow'. Phosphoros o hanow an planet Gwener po Borlowen yn grek ynwedh. Pur wenonek ha flammadow yw furv moyha aswonnys fosforos, h.y. fosforos gwynn, le ages 100mg a alsa kawsya mernans. An elven a eksist avel fosfat (PO43-) yn naturel. Pur bosek yw fosforos rag tevyans ha displegyans y'n korf. Essensek yw dhe bub kell byw. Rann yw a DNA, ha kalciom fosfad yw rann posek a eskern. Avel gwenon, fosforos a wra omsettya war an avi. Enyshes veu fosforos gans Henning Brandt yn Hamburg yn 1669. Usys o yn Breselyow an Norvys rag pellennow tanek, tanbellennow tan ha grenadow mog. Wosa seythen a omsettyansow ayr yn mis Gortheren 1943, 25,000 a danbellennow 14kg a fosforos a dhistruis an cita Hamburg. Bagas aral a gesstoffow dhe usya fosforos yw maynoryon nervow avel tabun, sarin ha VX. Yma lies furv a vonow fosforos. An chif moon yw apatit, kevys yn Russi, an Statys Unys, Marokk, Tunisi, Togo ha Nauru. Askorrys veu 261 milvil tonnas a fosfat yn 2016. Usys yw dhe wul trenken fosforik, hag ena godeylyow. Usys yw gans diwysyans dhe wul devnydhyow gorthtan, gorthpryfyow ha ladhoryon hwen. Keworrys yw ev dhe lisiwyow. Poos atomek fosforos yw 30.97, y boynt teudhi yw 44°C (fosforos gwynn), ha poynt bryjyon fosforos gwynn yw 280°c. Dosedh fosforos yw 1.8, 2.2. ha 2.7 kg an liter dhe fosforos gwynn, rudh ha du, y'n aray na. Dialkan yw fosforos, hag yma teyr furv, henwys gwynn, rudh ha du.