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Author: langbot
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English[en]
Antimony is a chemical element with the symbol Sb (from Latin: stibium) and atomic number 51. A lustrous gray metalloid, it is found in nature mainly as the sulfide mineral stibnite (Sb2S3). Antimony compounds have been known since ancient times and were powdered for use as medicine and cosmetics, often known by the Arabic name kohl.[5] The earliest known description of the metal in the West was written in 1540 by Vannoccio Biringuccio. China is the largest producer of antimony and its compounds, with most production coming from the Xikuangshan Mine in Hunan. The industrial methods for refining antimony from stibnite are roasting followed by reduction with carbon, or direct reduction of stibnite with iron. The largest applications for metallic antimony are in alloys with lead and tin, which have improved properties for solders, bullets, and plain bearings. It improves the rigidity of lead-alloy plates in lead–acid batteries. Antimony trioxide is a prominent additive for halogen-containing flame retardants. Antimony is used as a dopant in semiconductor devices. Antimony is a member of group 15 of the periodic table, one of the elements called pnictogens, and has an electronegativity of 2.05. In accordance with periodic trends, it is more electronegative than tin or bismuth, and less electronegative than tellurium or arsenic. Antimony is stable in air at room temperature, but reacts with oxygen if heated to produce antimony trioxide, Sb2O3. Antimony is a silvery, lustrous gray metalloid with a Mohs scale hardness of 3, which is too soft to make hard objects. Coins of antimony were issued in China's Guizhou province in 1931; durability was poor, and minting was soon discontinued. Antimony is resistant to attack by acids.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw antimoni, niver 51 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Henwys veu dhyworth an ger Greka anti-monos, ow styrya 'ny war y honan'. Y furvell gymyk yw Sb, dhyworth an hanow Latinek stibium. Usys veu an hanow antimoni rag an tro kynsa gans Constantine a Afrika (merwys yn 1078 O.K.). Peryllus yw antimoni dhe'n korf denel. Yn despit dhe hemma, usys o antimoni yn dognow byghan rag niver a glevesow dres an 17ves ha 18ves kansvledhen. Usys o pellenigow alkan antimoni dhe lowsya kolodhyon. Res via dhe'n devnydhyer daskavos an bellenig dhyworth an kawgh dhe usya arta. Yma dogen meur ow kawsya damach dhe'n avi, ha hwyja pals. Martesen Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart a ferwis drefen posna gans antimoni. Ev a usya antimoni tartrat yn fenowgh, hag war an 20ves mis Du, 1791, ev a gavas terthen, diwla kwoffys ha hwyja, arwodhyow oll a bosna gans antimoni. Usys veu gans niver a vedhogyon hag erel dhe ladha gwragedh ha neskerens, kepar ha'n ostes gowethas Florence Bravo neb martesen a ladhas hy gour Charles Delaunay Bravo yn 1876, ha'n vedhogyon Dr Palmer (1855), Dr Smethurst (1859) ha Dr Pritchard (1865). Jezebel y'n Bibel a usya sort a liw blew lagas ow synsi antimoni henwys khol. Martesen tan grek, lin helosk usys gans an morlu Besontin, a synsi antimoni sulfid. Lemmyn usys yw antimoni sulfid yn paynt kudhliwans. Askorrys yw a-dro dhe 50,000 tonnas a antimoni pub bledhen, dre vras yn China, Russi ha Bolivi. Usys dhe wul batriow yw ha dhe wul plastogow gorthflamm. Elven govetelek yw antimoni. Y kevir avel dew form, onan metelek golow, arghansek, kales ha brottel, ha'n eyl avel polter loos. Y boynt teudhi yw 631°C ha'y boynt bryjyon 1635°C. Y dhosedh yw 6.67kg an liter.