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English

Philosophy registered some advances; the “Avicennian left”, for instance, a current of Islamic origin, came close to materialism. The expansion of international trade stimulated intellectual practices (like accounting!) that fostered rationalist thought. But all these advances were slow, contradictory and subject to grave regressions towards religious control (the creation of the Inquisition) and obscurantism, especially in the 15th century, in line with the generalised crisis of feudal society.

Swedish

Filosofin inregistrerade en del framsteg; den "avicenniska vänstern", en strömning av islamiskt ursprung, kom exempelvis nära materialismen. alla dessa framsteg var långsamma, motsägelsefulla och utsatta för allvarliga bakslag genom religiös kontroll (inkvisitionens tillkomst) och upplysningsfientlighet, speciellt under 1400-talet, i enlighet med feodalsamhällets allmänna kris.