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English[en]
Rubidium is the chemical element with the symbol Rb and atomic number 37. Rubidium is a very soft, whitish-grey metal in the alkali metal group. Rubidium metal shares similarities to potassium metal and caesium metal in physical appearance, softness and conductivity.[6] Rubidium cannot be stored under atmospheric oxygen, as a highly exothermic reaction will ensue, sometimes even resulting in the metal catching fire.[7] Rubidium is the first alkali metal in the group to have a density higher than water, so it sinks, unlike the metals above it in the group. Rubidium has a standard atomic weight of 85.4678. On Earth, natural rubidium comprises two isotopes: 72% is a stable isotope 85Rb, and 28% is slightly radioactive 87Rb, with a half-life of 48.8 billion years—more than three times as long as the estimated age of the universe. German chemists Robert Bunsen and Gustav Kirchhoff discovered rubidium in 1861 by the newly developed technique, flame spectroscopy. The name comes from the Latin word rubidus, meaning deep red, the color of its emission spectrum. Rubidium's compounds have various chemical and electronic applications. Rubidium metal is easily vaporized and has a convenient spectral absorption range, making it a frequent target for laser manipulation of atoms. Rubidium is not a known nutrient for any living organisms. However, rubidium ions have similar properties and the same charge as potassium ions, and are actively taken up and treated by animal cells in similar ways.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw rubidiom, niver 37 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Rb. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Latin rubidius, ow styrya rudh tewl. Nyns eus rann vewoniethel dhe rubidiom, ha ny brederir holanow rubidiom dhe vos gwenonek. Pur hevelep dhe botassiom yw rubidiom, mes nebes radyoweythresek yw. Usys yw yn hwithrans medhegnethel. Kenennow kellyow kanker a denn rubidiom, ytho leuvvedhogyon a wra devnydh a rubidiom dhe helerghi hwedhow. Diskudhys veu rubidiom yn 1861 gans Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811-1899) ha Gustav Robert Kirchoff (1824-1887) yn Pennskol Heidelberg, Almayn, yn ensampel a lepidolit. Moon koynt yw lepidolit. Pan yw towlys lepidolit war dan, ev a wra ewoni, hag ena dos ha mos avel gweder. Wosa hwithrans ha tenna mes lithiom ha potassiom, Bunsen ha Kirchoff a dhiskudhas remenans gans linyow pur rudh yn prov flamm. Nyns yw meur a rubidiom askorrys gans diwysyans, awos bos re gostek, yntra dew ha peswar tonnas an vledhen hepken. Keworrys yw dhe danweyth rag aga liwa purpur, dhe yeynhe laserow, yn klockow atomek hag yn arhwilellow PET yn klavjiow. Y hyllir dedhya meyn gans keheveli komparriv rubidiom ha strontiom (an isotop radyoweythresek rubidiom-87 a dreyl dhe strontiom-87 dres termyn). Poos atomek rubidiom yw 85-47, y boynt teudhi yw 39°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 688°C. Y dhosedh yw 1.5kg an liter. Alkan medhel gwynn yw, hag a dhasober gans ayr ha dowr, ytho synsys yw yn-dann oyl.