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English

The Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition (SPARC) is an international alliance of academic and research libraries developed by the Association of Research Libraries in 1998 which promotes open access to scholarship.

Chinese

播放媒体 学术出版与学术资源联盟(Scholarly Publishing and Academic Resources Coalition,缩写:SPARC)是由美国研究型图书馆协会(英语:Association of Research Libraries)于1998年制定的学术和研究图书馆的国际联盟,该联盟促进开放获取(Open access)学术。