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English[en]
Planning for Operation Uranus had commenced in September 1942, and was developed simultaneously with plans to envelop and destroy German Army Group Center (Operation Mars) and German forces in the Caucasus . The Red Army took advantage of the German army's poor preparation for winter, and the fact that its forces in the southern Soviet Union were overstretched near Stalingrad, using weaker Romanian troops to guard their flanks; the offensives' starting points were established along the section of the front directly opposite Romanian forces.
Korean[ko]
천왕성 작전은 1942년 9월경 코카서스의 독일 중부 집단군 격멸 계획과 동시기에 수립되었다. 독일군은 겨울에 제대로 대비하지 못했고, 스탈린그라드 근처에서 늘어져 있었기 때문에 약체인 루마니아군에게 일익을 맡기고 있는 상태였다. 이런 사정은 소련군에게 득이 되었고, 실제로 소련군은 루마니아군 위치를 공세 시작점으로 삼았다.

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