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Author: langbot
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English[en]
Manganese is a chemical element with the symbol Mn and atomic number 25. It is a hard, brittle, silvery metal, often found in minerals in combination with iron. Manganese is a transition metal with a multifaceted array of industrial alloy uses, particularly in stainless steels. It improves strength, workability, and resistance to wear. Manganese oxide is used as an oxidising agent; as a rubber additive; and in glass making, fertilisers, and ceramics. Manganese sulfate can be used as a fungicide. Manganese is also an essential human dietary element, important in macronutrient metabolism, bone formation, and free radical defense systems. It is a critical component in dozens of proteins and enzymes.[3] It is found mostly in the bones, but also the liver, kidneys, and brain.[4] In the human brain, the manganese is bound to manganese metalloproteins, most notably glutamine synthetase in astrocytes. Manganese was first isolated in 1774. It is familiar in the laboratory in the form of the deep violet salt potassium permanganate. It occurs at the active sites in some enzymes.[5] Of particular interest is the use of a Mn-O cluster, the oxygen-evolving complex, in the production of oxygen by plants.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw manganes, niver 25 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Mn. Ny wodhvedhys yw pyth yw styr an hanow, po dhyworth an ger Latin magnes, ow styrya tennven awos y voon pyrolusit bos tennvenek, po dhyworth magnesia nigra awos liw manganes oksid. An moon moyha kemmyn yw pyrolusit. Elven essensek yw manganes dhe bub eghen. An rann vrassa anedha yw y'n eskern. Peryllus yw anella mog po polter manganes. Arwodhyow an kleves 'terthen vog' (fume fever) yw skwithder hag anoreksia. Y'n Oos Victoria, 'Condy's Disinfecting Fluid' a via yn pub gwerthji kymyst hag usys o rag golghi an lonk. Permanganat o unn a'y dhevnydhyow. Usys o manganes y'n Oos Romanek dhe wul gweder kler, yn medh Pliny an Kottha yn 79KOK. An kymygydh a Sweden, Johan Gottlieb Gahn (1745-1818), a dhiskudhas an alkan pur yn 1774. Askorrys yw a-dro dhe 5 milvil tonnas a'n alkan pub bledhen. Nyns yw an alkan usys awos y vos re vrottel. Kesalkenyow yw devnydh 95% a'n moon, kepar ha dur (1% manganes), ha dur manganes (13% manganes) - usys dhe wul kledhrennow hensi-horn, gonnys ha prennyer baghow prison. Poos atomek manganes yw 54.94, y boynt teudhi yw 1244°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 1962°C. An dosedh yw 7.4kg an liter. Alkan kales brottel arghansek yw manganes. Ev a dhasober gans dowr dhe furvya gossen.