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Author: langbot
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English[en]
Ytterbium is a chemical element with the symbol Yb and atomic number 70. It is the fourteenth and penultimate element in the lanthanide series, which is the basis of the relative stability of its +2 oxidation state. However, like the other lanthanides, its most common oxidation state is +3, as in its oxide, halides, and other compounds. In aqueous solution, like compounds of other late lanthanides, soluble ytterbium compounds form complexes with nine water molecules. Because of its closed-shell electron configuration, its density and melting and boiling points differ significantly from those of most other lanthanides. In 1878, the Swiss chemist Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac separated from the rare earth "erbia" another independent component, which he called "ytterbia", for Ytterby, the village in Sweden near where he found the new component of erbium. He suspected that ytterbia was a compound of a new element that he called "ytterbium" (in total, four elements were named after the village, the others being yttrium, terbium, and erbium). In 1907, the new earth "lutecia" was separated from ytterbia, from which the element "lutecium" (now lutetium) was extracted by Georges Urbain, Carl Auer von Welsbach, and Charles James. After some discussion, Marignac's name "ytterbium" was retained. A relatively pure sample of the metal was not obtained until 1953. At present, ytterbium is mainly used as a dopant of stainless steel or active laser media, and less often as a gamma ray source.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw yterbiom, niver 70 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw Yb. An hanow a dheu dhyworth tre Ytterby yn Sweden. Yterbiom yw onan a beder elven henwys dhyworth an dre ma. Onan a'n elvennow dor-tanow po lanthanid yw. Nyns eus rann vewoniethel dhe'n elven. Serrys yw polter ha kesstoffow yterbiom dhe'n kroghen ha lagasow. Enyshes veu yterbiom rag an kynsa prys yn 1878 gans an kymygydh a Swistir, Jean Charles Galissard de Marignac. Askorrys yw yterbiom dhyworth an moon monazit war-barth gans lanthanidow erel. Monow erel hag a gomprehend yterbiom yw euksenit ha gagarinit, henwys dhe enora Yuri Gagarin, an stervarner kynsa. An chif askororyon yw China, an Statys Unys ha Brasil, hag a wul a-dro dhe 50 tonnas a'n alkan an vledhen. Keworrys yw dhe grevhe dur dinam, rag gul klockow atomek pur gewar hag yn laserow. Poos atomek yterbiom yw 173.04, y boynt teudhi yw 824°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 1193°C. Y dhosedh yw 6.97kg an liter. Alkan medhel gwynn-arghansek yw