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Author: langbot
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English[en]
Palladium is a chemical element with the symbol Pd and atomic number 46. It is a rare and lustrous silvery-white metal discovered in 1803 by the English chemist William Hyde Wollaston. He named it after the asteroid Pallas, which was itself named after the epithet of the Greek goddess Athena, acquired by her when she slew Pallas. Palladium, platinum, rhodium, ruthenium, iridium and osmium form a group of elements referred to as the platinum group metals (PGMs). They have similar chemical properties, but palladium has the lowest melting point and is the least dense of them. More than half the supply of palladium and its congener platinum is used in catalytic converters, which convert as much as 90% of the harmful gases in automobile exhaust (hydrocarbons, carbon monoxide, and nitrogen dioxide) into harmless substances (nitrogen, carbon dioxide and water vapor). Palladium is also used in electronics, dentistry, medicine, hydrogen purification, chemical applications, groundwater treatment, and jewelry. Palladium is a key component of fuel cells, in which hydrogen and oxygen react to produce electricity, heat, and water. Ore deposits of palladium and other PGMs are rare. The most extensive deposits have been found in the norite belt of the Bushveld Igneous Complex covering the Transvaal Basin in South Africa, the Stillwater Complex in Montana, United States; the Sudbury Basin and Thunder Bay District of Ontario, Canada, and the Norilsk Complex in Russia. Recycling is also a source, mostly from scrapped catalytic converters. The numerous applications and limited supply sources result in considerable investment interest.
Cornish[kw]
Elven gymyk yw paladiom, niver 46 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Pd. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an asteroyd Pallas, henwys rag an dhuwes rek a furneth. Nyns eus dhe baladiom rann vewoniethel. Diskudhys veu paladiom gans William Hyde Wollaston (1766-1828), kymygydh a Norfolk neb a driga yn Loundres. Ev a oberi war-barth gans Smithson Tennant (1761-1815) yn 1800. I a wrug hwithrans war blatinom, orth y deudhi yn aqua regia, kemyskans a drenken hidroklorik ha trenken nitrik. Tennant a dhiskudhas osmiom hag iridiom dhyworth remenant y'n teudhans. Wollaston a studhyas an teudhans y honan. Dhyworth henna ev a gavas paladiom ha rodiom. Diskudhys veu paladiom yn kettermyn dell diskudhyans an asteroyd Pallas. Kevys yw paladiom yn y studh naturel yn Brasil, hag yma nebes monow ow komprehendya paladiom, kepar ha stibiopaladinit (paladiom antimonid, Pd5Sb2). Askorrys yw paladiom dell yw usys avel isaskorr dhyworth purhe nikel yn Russi ha Kanada, a-dro dhe 300 tonnas an vledhen. Usys yw dhe wul konvertydhyon katalytek yn kerri (60%), 20% dhe'n diwysyans elektronek, 10% dhe wul lenwansow dynsek ha'n remenant avel gemmweyth. Poos atomek paladiom yw 106.42, y boynt teudhi yw 1552°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 3140°C. Y dhosedh yw 12.0 kg an liter. Alkan lenter gwynn-arghansek yw paladiom, es y dhyghtya ha mortholya.