Titanium is a chemical element with the symbol Ti and atomic number 22. Found in nature only as an oxide, it can be reduced to produce a lustrous transition metal with a silver color, low density, and high strength, resistant to corrosion in sea water, aqua regia, and chlorine. Titanium was discovered in Cornwall, Great Britain, by William Gregor in 1791 and was named by Martin Heinrich Klaproth after the Titans of Greek mythology. The element occurs within a number of mineral deposits, principally rutile and ilmenite, which are widely distributed in the Earth's crust and lithosphere; it is found in almost all living things, as well as bodies of water, rocks, and soils.[6] The metal is extracted from its principal mineral ores by the Kroll[7] and Hunter processes. The most common compound, titanium dioxide, is a popular photocatalyst and is used in the manufacture of white pigments.[8] Other compounds include titanium tetrachloride (TiCl4), a component of smoke screens and catalysts; and titanium trichloride (TiCl3), which is used as a catalyst in the production of polypropylene.[6] Titanium can be alloyed with iron, aluminium, vanadium, and molybdenum, among other elements, to produce strong, lightweight alloys for aerospace (jet engines, missiles, and spacecraft), military, industrial processes (chemicals and petrochemicals, desalination plants, pulp, and paper), automotive, agriculture (farming), medical prostheses, orthopedic implants, dental and endodontic instruments and files, dental implants, sporting goods, jewelry, mobile phones, and other applications.[6] The two most useful properties of the metal are corrosion resistance and strength-to-density ratio, the highest of any metallic element.[9] In its unalloyed condition, titanium is as strong as some steels, but less dense.[10] There are two allotropic forms[11] and five naturally occurring isotopes of this element, 46Ti through 50Ti, with 48Ti being the most abundant (73.8%).[12]
Elven gymyk yw titaniom, niver 22 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell yw Ti. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an gewri yn mythologieth grek, Τιτᾶνες. Nyns eus rann vewoniethel dhe'n elven, mes ny wra an korf y dhenagha, ytho usys yw dhe wul ympyansow avel asleansow glin ha rewloryon kolon. Y hwelir titaniom yn spektrum ster Klass-M, an eghen moyha yeyn a ster, pur rudh aga liw. Diskudhys veu yn Kernow yn 1791 gans William Gregor (1761-1817), meur y hanow awos y studhyansow a vonow Kernow. Ev a hwithras ilmenit dhyworth nans Manahan, owth aswonvos bos elven nowydh ynno, ha ri an hanow manaccanit dhodho yn derivas dhe'n Royal Geological Society of Cornwall hag yn lyver-termyn Almaynek Crell's Annalen. Yn 1795, Martin Heinrich Klaproth (1743-1817) a dhiskudhas elven henwys titaniom ganso y'n moon rutil. Awosa, ev a amyttyas bos Gregor an diskudher. Chif monow titaniom yw rutil (titaniom dioksid, TiO2), hag ilmenit (horn titanat, FeTiO3), kevys yn Ostrali, Norgagh, Kanada ha'n Ukrayn. Askorrys yw 90,000 tonnas an vledhen a'n alkan. Pur bosek yw an alkan ha titaniom oksid. Fest da yw titaniom orth gorthsevel kesknians kymyk. Usys yw diw rann a deyr a ditaniom dhe wul jynnow ebron, gweythvaow kymyk, ympynyansow klun ha glin, ha gluthyoryon yn tredanvaow. Titaniom yw kroghen an gwithti Guggenheim yn Bilbao. Nitinol yw 55% nikel ha 45% titaniom. Yma dhe'n kesalkan ma an gallos dhe berthi kov furv kyns. Usys yw dhe wul framyow dewweder. Poos atomek titaniom yw 47.87, y boynt teudhi yw 1660°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw 3287°C. Y dhosedh yw 4.5 kg an liter. Alkan kales lenter arghansek yw.langbot langbot