Neon is a chemical element with the symbol Ne and atomic number 10. It is a noble gas.[10] Neon is a colorless, odorless, inert monatomic gas under standard conditions, with about two-thirds the density of air. It was discovered (along with krypton and xenon) in 1898 as one of the three residual rare inert elements remaining in dry air, after nitrogen, oxygen, argon and carbon dioxide were removed. Neon was the second of these three rare gases to be discovered and was immediately recognized as a new element from its bright red emission spectrum. The name neon is derived from the Greek word, νέον, neuter singular form of νέος (neos), meaning 'new'. Neon is chemically inert, and no uncharged neon compounds are known. The compounds of neon currently known include ionic molecules, molecules held together by van der Waals forces and clathrates. During cosmic nucleogenesis of the elements, large amounts of neon are built up from the alpha-capture fusion process in stars. Although neon is a very common element in the universe and solar system (it is fifth in cosmic abundance after hydrogen, helium, oxygen and carbon), it is rare on Earth. It composes about 18.2 ppm of air by volume (this is about the same as the molecular or mole fraction) and a smaller fraction in Earth's crust. The reason for neon's relative scarcity on Earth and the inner (terrestrial) planets is that neon is highly volatile and forms no compounds to fix it to solids. As a result, it escaped from the planetesimals under the warmth of the newly ignited Sun in the early Solar System. Even the outer atmosphere of Jupiter is somewhat depleted of neon, although for a different reason.[11]
Elven gymyk yw neon, niver 10 y'n Vosen Beriodek. Y furvell gymyk yw Ne. An hanow a dheu dhyworth an ger Greka neos, ow styrya nowydh. Gass didhregynnus yw, heb rann y'n korf denel, drefen ny dhasober gans elvennow erel. Yn 1898, yn Kolji Pennskol, Loundres, William Ramsay ha Morris Travers a enyshas an gass krypton. Byttegens i re wrug gwaytyas gass moy skav. Yn mis Metheven y'n keth bledhen, i a wrug moy a hwithrans, ha'n tro ma y tiskudhsons gass nowydh hag a dheuth yn kynsa orth argon soled ethenna. Pan veu gorrys an gass yn spektrometer, i a sowdhenas drefen an golow rudh bryntin. Askorrys yw neon dhyworth ayr linyel dre dhistyllyans rannrivek (Sowsnek: fractional distillation), nebes tonnasow pub bledhen. An chif devnydh yw arwodhow neon, ha golowysi niwl ynwedh. Gwrys veu an arwodh neon kynsa gans Georges Claude yn 1910, ha kyns pell usys ens gans an diwysyans argemynna. Usys yw avel lin yeynhe tempredhow isel. Nyns yw y dempredh mar isel avel heliom (-246°C yn le -269°C), mes lin yeynhe moy effeythadow yw. Poos atomek neon yw 20.18, y boynt teudhi yw -249°C ha'y boynt bryjyon yw -246°C. Y dhosedh yw 0.9g an liter. Gass diliw, anvlasus yw neon. Ny dhasober gans elvennow erel vytholl. J.Norman Collie a leveris y vos diskudhyor neon ynwedh. Ny wodhon a-dro dhe wiryonedh hemma, mes den pur dhidheurek o yn neb kas. Ev a wrug an skeusen dewyn-X gynsa, krambler a vri veu yn menydhyow Alban, ha leverir Conan Doyle dhe skrifa character Sherlock Holmes a-dro dhodho.langbot langbot